Saron marmoratus

Saron marmoratus, the marbled shrimp, is a species of "cleaner shrimp" from the family Thoridae, although its taxonomic position is subject to some controversy as many authorities have considered it to be a member of the family Hippolytidae sensu lato. It's normally found in the Indo-Pacific region but in 2013 it was found off the coast of Lebanon, probably having reached the Mediterranean by Lessepsian migration through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea. It is a popular species in aquaria due to its easy care.

Saron marmoratus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Hippolytidae
Genus: Saron
Species:
S. marmoratus
Binomial name
Saron marmoratus
(Olivier, 1811) [1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Hippolyte gibberosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837
  • Hippolyte hemprichii Heller, 1861
  • Hippolyte leachii Guérin-Méneville, 1838
  • Hyppolite kraussii Bianconi, 1869
  • Nauticaris grandirostris Pearson, 1905
  • Palaemon marmoratus Olivier, 1811

Description

Saron marmoratus is a rather hunch-backed dumpy species of shrimp.[2] Its rostrum is slightly longer than its carapace and is strongly recurved, it has 1 or 2 spines on its dorsal margin, followed by 3 or 4 spines on the carapace, and there are 8-10 long spines on the ventral margin of the carapace. The dorsal margin of the carapace and the abdomen have tufts of setae, which are denser in the females. The males have elongated chaelae which are longer than body and the females possess an obvious brush-like structure of setae on the first pair of legs. The legs feature brown or blue transverse bands.[3] They are variable in colour and the ground colour can be red, blue or brown,[2] mottled with brown or green, the legs are marked with blue or brown transverse bans.[3]

Distribution

Saron marmoratus has an Indo-Pacific distribution.[4] Its distribution extends from the Red Sea south to Madagascar and Mozambique[1] east through the Persian Gulf,[5] India,[6] south east Asia[2] through the southern Pacific, including Australia as far as Hawaii.[3] In 2013 specimens were observed close to underwater caves off the coast of Lebanon, and it is likely that this species undergone a Lessepsian migration through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea into the Levantine Sea.[7]

Biology

Saron marmoratus is occasionally seen on reefs but it is more frequently found among coral and coral rubble, in the infralittoral to sublittoral zone, within lagoons.[4] It is quite an inactive species which relies on camouflage against the often encrusted substrate. When threatened, it quickly but stealthily swim into a hiding place but, if immediate danger threatens, it can shoot off very quickly and for some distance.[2] It is nocturnal and it can vary the colour of its body so that at night it turns primarily red, camouflaging the shrimpin the twilight.[8]

S. marmoratus is an omnivore which sifts through the fine substrate at night searching for organic detritus, plankton and other edible items. It has also been known to scavenge on larger food items, such as fish, which fall to the sea bed. It normally does not forage below 12m in depth but it tends to remain close to the reefs.[9] They have also been known to feed on coral and polyps.[10]

Human use

Saron marmoratus is in high demand for the aquarium hobby and fetch good prices in the marine aquarium trade.[6] Specimens on the European market are usually collected from the Red Sea, while those for sale in North America are collected in Hawaii.[11]

Saron marmoratus
Saron marmoratus mâle - 2
Saron marmoratus

References
  1. S. De Grave (2015). "Saron marmoratus (Olivier, 1811)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
  2. "Saron shrimps". Wild Singapore. wildfactsheets. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  3. Joseph Poupin; Matthieu Juncker (2010). "A guide to the decapod crustaceans of the South Pacific" (PDF). Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  4. M.L.D. Palomares; D. Pauly, eds. (2016). "Saron marmoratus (Olivier, 1811)". Sea Life Base. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  5. R. Sheibani-Tezerji; Alireza Sari (2007). "First record of Saron marmoratus (Olivier, 1811) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippolytidea) from Makran Coast, Iran". Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics. 3 (1): 69–75.
  6. Sibi Thaitharanikathil Baby; Swagat Ghosh; Gopi Mohan; et al. (2016). "Occurrence of Marbled Shrimp Saron marmoratus (Olivier, 1811) (Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) in Lakshadweep Archipelago, India". Proceedings of the Zoological Society. 69 (1): 157–160. doi:10.1007/s12595-015-0136-9. S2CID 14417604.
  7. A. Zenetos; E.H. Kh. Akel; C. Apostolidis; et al. (2015). "New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (April 2015)" (PDF). Mediterranean Marine Science. 16 (1): 266–284. doi:10.12681/mms.1292.
  8. "Saron Shrimp". AquariumDomain.com. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  9. Blane Perun. "Saron Shrimp". TheSea. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  10. "Saron Shrimp". MarinefishEZ.com. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  11. "Saron Shrimp". Wet Web Media. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
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