Saratoga Cup

The Saratoga Cup was an American Thoroughbred horse race open to horses of either sex age three and older although geldings were not eligible from 1865 through 1918. Between 1865 and 1955 it was hosted by Saratoga Race Course, in Saratoga Springs, New York with the exception of 1943 through 1945 when wartime restrictions were in place and the race was held at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York.[1][2]

Saratoga Cup

Discontinued stakes race
Location	Saratoga Race Course Saratoga Springs, New York, United States
Inaugurated	1865
Race type	Thoroughbred – Flat racing
Race information
Distance	1¾ miles
Surface	Dirt
Track	left-handed
Qualification	Three years and older

The race was not run from 1887 to 1890, from 1892 to 1900, in 1908, 1911, 1912, from 1956 to 1962, and from 1964 to 1993. The 75 editions of the race were contested at four different distances:

• 1865–1886 : 2¼ miles
• 1891 : 2 miles
• 1901: 1​⁵⁄₈ miles
• 1902–1955 : 1¾ miles

"The seventy-sixth running Saratoga Cup"

In 1963, track owner/operator New York Racing Association held a one-time only commemorative event they called "The seventy-sixth running Saratoga Cup 'The Centennial Season Running.'" It was run at a distance of 1 5/8 miles and was won by Fitz Eugene Dixon, Jr.'s three-year-old gelding, Will I Rule.[3]

Historical notes

During his Hall of Fame career James E. "Sunny Jim" Fitzsimmons won numerous top races more than five times each including the Belmont Stakes. With ten wins, the Saratoga Cup was most and the race was also among his most memorable as the 1914 edition marked his first important major race win as a trainer.[4]

Exterminator, the 1918 Kentucky Derby winner and a U. S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, won this race four years in row from 1919 to 1922. In his 1920 win, Exterminator set a world record of 2:56 4/5 for 1¾ miles on dirt.[5] Exterminator's owner Willis Sharpe Kilmer was a notoriously difficult employer and for each of the four wins, Exterminator had a different jockey and a different trainer.

In 1875 a very rare event in horse racing occurred when Preakness and Springbok together set a new American record for the 2 1/4 mile distance in winning the Saratoga Cup in a dead heat.[6]

There were three walkovers in the 75-year history of the Saratoga Cup. Long-distance races were declining in popularity and by the 1920s the number of entrants was regularly only four or five horses. As such, the first walkover came in 1921 when Exterminator's dominance in racing scared away the competition.[7] The second occurred in 1940 and was unique in that it involved two horses, Isolater and Fenelon. Both horses were owned by the powerful Belair Sud Stable who declared Isolater to win.[8] The third time there was a walkover happened in 1946 with Ethel Jacob's Stymie. The future U. S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee had won the 1945 edition of the Saratoga Cup with ease in a year when it was held at Belmont Park.[9] Stymie's continued dominance in racing saw his competition avoiding him in the race's return to Saratoga in 1946.[10]

The 1911–1912 statewide shutdown of horse racing

On June 11, 1908, the Republican controlled New York Legislature under Governor Charles Evans Hughes passed the Hart–Agnew anti-betting legislation.[11] The owners of Saratoga Race Course, and other racing facilities in New York State, struggled to stay in business without income from betting.[12] In spite of strong opposition by prominent owners such as August Belmont Jr. and Harry Payne Whitney, reform legislators were not happy when they learned that betting was still going on at racetracks between individuals and they had further restrictive legislation passed by the New York Legislature in 1910.[13] The Agnew–Perkins Law, a series of four bills and recorded as the Executive Liability Act, made it possible for racetrack owners and members of its board of directors to be fined and imprisoned if anyone was found betting, even privately, anywhere on their premises.[14] After a 1911 amendment to the law that would limit the liability of owners and directors was defeated in the Legislature, every racetrack in New York State shut down.[15] As a result, the Saratoga Cup was not run in 1911 and 1912.

A February 21, 1913 ruling by the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division saw horse racing return in 1913.[16] However, it was too late for some racing facilities and financial difficulties meant that Brighton Beach Race Course, Gravesend Race Track and Sheepshead Bay Race Track never reopened.[17]

Records

Speed record:

• 1 ¾ miles – 2:55 flat : Reigh Count (1928)
• 2 ¼ miles – 3:56 ¼ : Preakness & Springbok (1875) Dead heat

Most wins:

• Exterminator (1919, 1920, 1921, 1922)

Most wins by a jockey:

• 3 – James Butwell (1909, 1915, 1917)
• 3 – James Stout (1936, 1939, 1940)

Most wins by a trainer:

• 10 – James E. Fitzsimmons (1914, 1929, 1930, 1934, 1936, 1939, 1940, 1951, 1952, 1954)

Most wins by an owner:

• 4 – David McDaniel (1872, 1873, 1874, 1875)
• 4 – Willis Sharpe Kilmer (1919, 1920, 1921, 1922)

Winners

Year	Winner	Age	Jockey	Trainer	Owner	Dist. (Miles)	Time	Win$
1955	Chevation	4	Eric Guerin	Richard E. Handlen	Foxcatcher Farm	1​^3⁄4	3:02.60	$10,525
1954	Great Captain	5	Eddie Arcaro	James E. Fitzsimmons	Ogden Phipps	1​^3⁄4	3:02.60	$11,075
1953	Alerted	5	Conn McCreary	Ray De Stefano	Hampton Stable (Frank Stout)	1​^3⁄4	3:01.40	$10,875
1952	Busanda	5	Ted Atkinson	James E. Fitzsimmons	Ogden Phipps	1​^3⁄4	2:59.80	$11,325
1951	Busanda	4	Eric Guerin	James E. Fitzsimmons	Ogden Phipps	1​^3⁄4	2:59.00	$10,950
1950	Cochise	4	Eddie Arcaro	Virgil W. Raines	Brandywine Stable (Donald P. Ross	1​^3⁄4	2:57.60	$11,900
1949	Doubtless	5	Ted Atkinson	John M. Gaver Sr.	Greentree Stable	1​^3⁄4	2:57.40	$11,650
1948	Snow Goose	4	Job Dean Jessop	Oscar White	Walter M. Jeffords Sr.	1​^3⁄4	2:57.80	$11,000
1947	Talon	5	John Adams	Horatio Luro	Richard N. Ryan	1​^3⁄4	2:58.40	$12,300
1946	Stymie	5	Basil James	Hirsch Jacobs	Ethel D. Jacobs	1​^3⁄4	3:07.40	$5,975
1945	Stymie	4	Johnny Longden	Hirsch Jacobs	Ethel D. Jacobs	1​^3⁄4	2:58.00	$18,700
1944	Bolingbroke	7	Robert Permane	Walter Burrows	Townsend B. Martin	1​^3⁄4	2:57.60	$18,000
1943	Princequillo	3	Steve Brooks	Horatio Luro	Boone Hall Stable	1​^3⁄4	2:56.60	$18,200
1942	Bolingbroke	5	Herb Lindberg	Walter Burrows	Townsend B. Martin	1​^3⁄4	2:58.20	$9,550
1941	Dorimar	4	Conn McCreary	James W. Healy	Woodvale Farm (Royce G. Martin)	1​^3⁄4	2:58.40	$9,850
1940	Isolater	7	James Stout	James E. Fitzsimmons	Belair Stud Stable	1​^3⁄4	3:02.00	$4,825
1939	Isolater	6	James Stout	James E. Fitzsimmons	Belair Stud Stable	1​^3⁄4	2:56.20	$6,400
1938	War Admiral	4	Maurice Peters	George H. Conway	Glen Riddle Farm	1​^3⁄4	2:55.80	$6,600
1937	Count Arthur	5	Lester Balaski	Lon Johnson	Fannie Hertz	1​^3⁄4	3:02.20	$6,425
1936	Granville	3	James Stout	James E. Fitzsimmons	William Woodward Sr.	1​^3⁄4	3:00.80	$6,520
1935	Count Arthur	3	Wayne Wright	Frank S. Hackett	Fannie Hertz	1​^3⁄4	2:58.40	$7,145
1934	Dark Secret	5	Charles Kurtsinger	James E. Fitzsimmons	Wheatley Stable	1​^3⁄4	2:59.20	$5,525
1933	Equipoise	5	Raymond Workman	T. J. Healey	Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney	1​^3⁄4	3:00.00	$6,050
1932	War Hero	3	John Gilbert	George H. Conway	Glen Riddle Farm	1​^3⁄4	2:59.20	$7,825
1931	Twenty Grand	3	Linus McAtee	James G. Rowe Jr.	Greentree Stable	1​^3⁄4	3:01.20	$8,250
1930	Gallant Fox	3	Earl Sande	James E. Fitzsimmons	Belair Stud Stable	1​^3⁄4	2:56.00	$9,275
1929	Diavolo	4	John Maiben	James E. Fitzsimmons	Wheatley Stable	1​^3⁄4	2:58.00	$7,350
1928	Reigh Count	3	Chick Lang	Bert S. Michell	Fannie Hertz	1​^3⁄4	2:55.00	$6,500
1927	Chance Play	4	John Maiben	John I. Smith	Log Cabin Stable	1​^3⁄4	3:03.60	$6,850
1926	Espino	3	Laverne Fator	William J. Speirs	William Ziegler Jr.	1​^3⁄4	3:00.40	$7,650
1925	Mad Play	4	Laverne Fator	Sam Hildreth	Rancocas Stable	1​^3⁄4	2:59.40	$7,150
1924	Mr. Mutt	3	Harold Thurber	Alex Gordon	Bud Fisher	1​^3⁄4	3:00.80	$8,300
1923	My Own	3	Earl Sande	William H. Brooks	Salubria Stable (Cary T. Grayson)	1​^3⁄4	2:57.20	$6,850
1922	Exterminator	7	Albert Johnson	Eugene Wayland	Willis Sharpe Kilmer	1​^3⁄4	3:00.40	$6,550
1921	Exterminator	6	Willie Kelsay	Willie Knapp	Willis Sharpe Kilmer	1​^3⁄4	3:04.60	$4,500
1920	Exterminator	5	Charles Fairbrother	J. Simon Healy	Willis Sharpe Kilmer	1​^3⁄4	2:56.80	$4,950
1919	Exterminator	4	Andy Schuttinger	Henry McDaniel	Willis Sharpe Kilmer	1​^3⁄4	2:58.00	$5,350
1918	Johren	3	Frank Robinson	Albert Simons	Harry Payne Whitney	1​^3⁄4	3:02.20	$5,250
1917	Omar Khayyam	3	James Butwell	Richard F. Carman Sr.	Wilfrid Viau	1​^3⁄4	3:07.60	$5,050
1916	Friar Rock	3	John McTaggart	Sam Hildreth	August Belmont Jr.	1​^3⁄4	3:03.00	$3,375
1915	Roamer	4	James Butwell	A. J. Goldsborough	Andrew Miller	1​^3⁄4	3:01.80	$2,225
1914	Star Gaze	4	Joe McCahey	James E. Fitzsimmons	Herbert L. Pratt	1​^3⁄4	3:10.00	$1,925
1913	Sam Jackson	5	Johnny Loftus	Jack L. McGinnis	V. M. McGinnis	1​^3⁄4	3:08.40	$1,650
1912	No races held due to the Hart–Agnew Law.
1911
1910	Countless	3	Vincent Powers	John W. May	John G. Greener	1​^3⁄4	2:58.60	$3,850
1909	Olambala	3	James Butwell	T. J. Healey	Montpelier Stable	1​^3⁄4	2:58.00	$2,175
1908	Race not held
1907	Running Water	4	Walter Miller	Thomas Welsh	Newcastle Stable	1​^3⁄4	3:06.20	$6,050
1906	Go Between	5	Willie Shaw	William Shields	Edward R. Thomas	1​^3⁄4	3:05.40	$6,050
1905	Caughnawaga	6	Arthur Redfern	Hubert H. Hyner	John Sanford	1​^3⁄4	3:00.80	$5,800
1904	Beldame	3	Frank O'Neill	Fred Burlew	Newton Bennington (Lessee)	1​^3⁄4	3:03.80	$8,100
1903	Africander	3	Grover Fuller	Richard O. Miller	Hampton Stable (Simon Deimel & Charles F. Dwyer)	1​^3⁄4	2:58.00	$3,350
1902	Advance Guard	5	Patrick A. McCue	Alexander Shields	James Carruthers & Alexander Shields	1​^3⁄4	3:01.80	$3,350
1901	Blues	3	Willie Shaw	Thomas Welsh	Frank J. Farrell	1​^5⁄8	2:52.40	$3,350
1892	- 1900	Race not held
1891	Los Angeles	6	Isaac E. Lewis	Albert Cooper	Santa Anita Stable	2​^0⁄0	3:43.50	$2,900
1887	- 1990	Race not held
1886	Volante	4	Isaac Burns Murphy	Albert Cooper	Santa Anita Stable	2​^1⁄4	4:25.00	$1,700
1885	Bob Miles	4	William J. Fitzpatrick	Abraham Perry	James T. Williams	2​^1⁄4	4:02.00	$2,150
1884	General Monroe	6	Harry Blaylock	Walter C. Rollins	Edward J. McElmeel	2​^1⁄4	4:05.00	$1,650
1883	General Monroe	5	William J. Fitzpatrick	Walter C. Rollins	Edward J. McElmeel	2​^1⁄4	4:21.50	$1,950
1882	Thora	4	Brophy		Charles Reed	2​^1⁄4	4:05.50	$1,850
1881	Checkmate	6	Isaac Burns Murphy		James T. Williams	2​^1⁄4	4:09.75	$1,800
1880	Long Taw	5	G. Wolfe	Green B. Morris	Green B. Morris	2​^1⁄4	4:08.00	$1,300
1879	Bramble	4	Jim McLaughlin	James G. Rowe Sr.	Dwyer Brothers Stable	2​^1⁄4	4:11.75	$1,500
1878	Parole	5	William Barrett	William Brown	Pierre Lorillard	2​^1⁄4	4:08.50	$1,700
1877	Parole	4	William Barrett	William Brown	Pierre Lorillard	2​^1⁄4	4:04.50	$2,150
1876	Tom Ochiltree	4	George Barbee	R. Wyndham Walden	George L. Lorillard	2​^1⁄4	4:06.50	$1,850
1875 (DH)	Preakness Springbok	6 5	William Hayward Sr. W. Clark	Charles Littlefield Sr. David McDaniel	Milton H. Sanford David McDaniel	2​^1⁄4 2​^1⁄4	3:56.25 3:56.25	$1,125 $1,125
1874	Springbok	4	George Barbee	David McDaniel	David McDaniel	2​^1⁄4	4:11.75	$2,450
1873	Joe Daniels	4	Frank McCabe	David McDaniel	David McDaniel	2​^1⁄4	4:10.75	$1,700
1872	Harry Bassett	4	James G. Rowe Sr.	David McDaniel	David McDaniel	2​^1⁄4	3:59.00	$1,550
1871	Longfellow	4	Robert Swim	John Harper	John Harper	2​^1⁄4	4:02.75	$1,550
1870	Helmbold	4	Robinson		W. R. Babcock	2​^1⁄4	4:03.75	$1,850
1869	Bayonet	4	Miller		T. G. Moore	2​^1⁄4	4:10.00	$2,250
1868	Lancaster	5	William Hayward Sr.		Milton H. Sanford	2​^1⁄4	4:14.00	$1,950
1867	Muggins	4	Clark		Douglas & Co.	2​^1⁄4	4:03.00	$1,850
1866	Kentucky	5	Charles Littlefield Sr.	A. Jackson Minor	Annieswood Stable (Belmont/Hunter/Jerome/Cameron/Travers)	2​^1⁄4	4:04.00	$2,250
1865	Kentucky	4	Gilbert W. Patrick	A. Jackson Minor	John Hunter, William R. Travers, George Osgood	2​^1⁄4	4:01.50	$1,850

References

1. "Saratoga Cup a Famous Old Race". Daily Racing Form. 1919-07-16. Retrieved 2019-10-25 – via University of Kentucky Archives.
2. "Geldings Eligible to Saratoga Cup". Daily Racing Form. 1919-02-22. Retrieved 2019-10-24 – via University of Kentucky Archives.
3. Carter & Kane, Allan & Mike (2013-06-14). 150 Years of Racing in Saratoga. The History Press. p. 114. ISBN 9781625845559.
4. "James E. Fitzsimmons". Racingmuseum.org. 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
5. "Exterminator". Racingmuseum.org. 1942-06-27. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
6. Robertson, William H. P. (1964-01-01). The History of Thoroughbred Racing In America. Prentice Hall. p. 228.
7. "Saratoga Cup A Walkover". Daily Racing Form. 1921-09-01. Retrieved 2019-10-27 – via University of Kentucky Archives.
8. "Belair Pair In Walkover". New York Times. 1940-09-01. Section 5 Sports, page 1. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
9. "Stymie, 3-4, Takes 65th Saratoga Cup Easily at Belmont". New York Times. 1945-08-26. Sports Section 5, page 9. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
10. "Blue Border Ties Track Mark to Win Hopeful By A Nose". New York Times. 1946-09-01. Section Sports, page 70. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
11. "Penalties in the New York Bills". Daily Racing Form. 1908-01-18. Retrieved 2018-10-26 – via University of Kentucky Archives.
12. "Keep Up Betting Ban". New York Times. 1908-09-01. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
13. Liebman, Bennett (May 24, 2009). "The First American Triple Crown Series". The Rail. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
14. "Racing Men Attack Anti-Betting Bills – Place Every Man Who Makes Private Wager in Jeopardy". New York Times. 1910-04-07. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
15. "Race Track Bill Defeated In Senate; Measure Modifying Directors' Liability for Gambling Fails of Passage". The New York Times. July 14, 1911. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
16. "Oral Betting Held Legal: Appellate Division of New York Supreme Court Renders Important Decision". Daily Racing Form. 1913-02-22. Retrieved 2019-06-29 – via University of Kentucky Archives.
17. "Destruction Wrought by Hughes". Daily Racing Form. 1908-12-15. Retrieved 2018-11-30 – via University of Kentucky Archives.