Santiago (1856 ship)

The Santiago was a 455-ton barque launched in 1856. It was built by Henry Balfour of Methil, Fife for the Liverpool shipping company Balfour Williamson. It sailed mainly between Liverpool and Chile, but also to Australia. Its remnant hull, which lies in a ships' graveyard in South Australia, is considered 'the oldest intact iron hull sailing vessel in the world.'[2]

Wreck of the Santiago
History
Name: Santiago
Builder: Henry Balfour, Methil, Fife, Scotland
Launched: 1856
History
Germany
Acquired: 1888
History
 NorwayNorway
Acquired: 1890
History
 AustraliaAustralia
Port of registry: Adelaide
Acquired: Appx. 1900
Out of service: 1945
Fate: Abandoned 1945
Status: Now in Garden Island Ships' Graveyard, near Port Adelaide, Australia
Notes: historic shipwreck[1]
General characteristics
Tons burthen: 455 tons
Length: 160 ft 7 in (48.95 m)
Beam: 25 ft 10 in (7.87 m)
Depth of hold: 17 ft 4 in (5.28 m)
Propulsion: sail
Sail plan: Barque

Career

After service with Balfour Williamson, she was sold in 1888 to a German company, and in 1890 to Norwegians. In 1901, the Adelaide Steamtug Company purchased the ship and sailed it from Newcastle, New South Wales to Port Adelaide with a cargo of coal. She was subsequently dismasted and used as a lighter.[3] On 21 December 1907, she was used by Adelaide Steamtug Company in association with other vessels to recover the steamer Jessie Darling, which had collided with and sunk on top of the unmarked wreck of the barque Norma on 21 April 1907. The Norma had been sunk after a collision with the ship Ardencraig, several hours earlier at the Semaphore Anchorage.[4] In 1918 she was sold to the Adelaide Steam Co. and was used for occasional salvage work and lightering until 1945, when it was abandoned.

Fate

On 19 August 1945, she was towed to the eastern extent of the Port River's North Arm, and became the last vessel to be abandoned in what is now known as the Garden Island Ships' Graveyard.[5] In 1982, the Santiago was declared as an historic shipwreck under the South Australian Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981.[1] The wreck is officially located at 34°48′36″S 138°32′24″E.[6] She has been the subject of study by various parties including the Society for Underwater Historical Research in 1978 and by the Department of Environment and Heritage on an ongoing basis since 1981.[7][8] In 1991, it was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.[9]

See also

References
  1. Wotton, David (18 February 1982). "Historic Shipwrecks Act, 1981 Notice(s) under Section 5 (1) and Section 5 (2)" (PDF). The South Australian Government Gazette. South Australian Government. p. 422. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  2. Brouwer, N.J., 1999, International Register of Historic Ships, Peekskill, New York cited in Jeffery, B., 2003, South Australian Maritime Heritage Program 1970s – 2002 Projects, Activities and Bibliography, Heritage Branch, Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide, page 12.
  3. ‘The Shipping Trade,’ The Register (Adelaide, SA), Saturday 27 July 1901, page 6
  4. ’The Jessie Darling raised,’ The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA, Monday 23 December 1907, page 10.
  5. "Santiago - Garden Island" (PDF). South Australian Government, Department of Environment and Water. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  6. "View Shipwreck - Santiago". Australian National Shipwreck Database. Australian Government, Department of Environment and Energy. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  7. Jeffery, W.F.; (1978), 'Project: Santiago', Annual Report 1978, Society for Underwater Historical Research, North Adelaide, SA, pages 8-9.
  8. Jeffery, B., 2003, South Australian Maritime Heritage Program 1970s – 2002 Projects, Activities and Bibliography, Heritage Branch, Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide, page 12, atat http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.203.1192&rep=rep1&type=pdf, retrieved 09/07/2012.
  9. "Santiago Shipwreck – listing on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate (Place ID 6256)". Australian Heritage Database. Department of the Environment. 1991. Retrieved 4 April 2018.

Further Information
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