Sanford Lockwood Cluett
Sanford Lockwood Cluett (June 6, 1874 – May 17, 1968) was an American businessman and inventor known for developing Sanforization (1928), a process to pre-shrink woven fabrics, and Clupak paper used in stretchable shopping bags and wrapping paper. However, Cluett had 200 patents about many other techniques.[1][2] Cluett had been vice president and a director of the corporation Cluett, Peabody and Company, Inc. of Troy, New York. During 1904–1917, Cluett had served in the New York National Guard, reaching the rank of major.[3]
Sanford Lockwood Cluett | |
|---|---|
| Born | June 6, 1874 |
| Died | May 17, 1968 (age 93) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute |
| Occupation | inventor, businessman |
| Employer | Cluett, Peabody & Co. Walter A. Wood Company |
| Organization | New York National Guard |
| Known for | Inventing Sanforization, Clupak paper, and bubble sextant |
Life and work
Sanford Lockwood Cluett was born on June 6, 1874, in Troy, NY, as son of Edmund Cluett and Mary Alice Stone Cluett.[3] He attended the local Troy Academy, graduating in 1894.[3] Cluett received a civil engineering degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in 1898.[1][3]
In 1897, Cluett had joined the New York National Guard, in the rank of private. He was active with the New York Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish–American War. By July 1898, he was transferred to the First U.S. Volunteer Engineers, along with serving in the Puerto Rican campaign, and was later promoted to captain eventually. During 1904–1917, he served in the New York National Guard, where he achieved the rank of major prior to retirement.
Cluett was known for several inventions, including a sextant and farm mowers,[3] before patents for Sanforizing. In 1896, he invented the bubble sextant for use in celestial navigation. In 1901 he was hired by the Walter A. Wood Company in Hoosick Falls, New York, for the manufacturing of mowers, reapers and other farm machinery. In developing some horse-drawn mowers operable from the driver's seat, his two-horse and one-horse mowers had a vertical lift at the cutting bar.[3]
In 1919, after 22 years in other work or military service, Sanford Cluett joined the company Cluett, Peabody & Co., which had been founded by his uncles as a textile firm which made men's clothing, including Arrow collars, Arrow shirts and other items.[1] He became Research Director, and in 1927 became Vice President of the firm.[4]
In 1928, he developed the process of Sanforizing[5] (patented in 1930), to pre-shrink cotton or other fabrics by squeezing material against a stretched rubber strip or band and allowing the pair to shrink together, to offset the stretching of fabrics during prior weaving or finishing.
Sanford Cluett also held over 200 patents,[1] for various techniques, including Clupak extensible paper as a stretchable paper (Investment Reader, April 15, 1959)[6] used for shopping bags and wrapping paper with magazines, meat, tires, and furniture.[7]
After a period of failing health, Sanford Cluett died on May 17, 1968, at his winter home in Palm Beach, Florida, at age 93.[4]
See also
- bubble sextant
- ball recording sextant
- Eli Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin
References
- "Sanford Lockwood Cluett (1874–1968)" (has photo), Smithsonian Institution, Acc. 90-105 – Science Service, Records, 1920s-1970s, Smithsonian Institution Archives, 2012, webpage: SIA-88.
- Encyclopedia of American Biography: New series, article "CLUETT, Sanford Lockwood", Winfield Scott Downs, American Historical Company, 1970, webpage: BGoogle-s5.
- "ArchiveGrid: Sanford L. Cluett papers, 1896-1963", Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Archive, Troy, NY, 2007, webpage: RPI-285.
- "Sandford Cluett, Inventer [sic] of Sanforizing, Dies", The Leader-Herald, Gloversville-Johnstown, NY, Tuesday, May 21, 1968, p. 15, FultonHistory.com, webpage: FH-LH (PDF). Quote: "died Saturday at his winter home in Palm Beach, Fla."
- "Business: Shirt Tale", TIME (magazine), 21 February 1938, web: T9.
- Investor's Reader, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, inc., 1961, webpage: BGoogle-Rr.
- "RPI: Alumni Hall of Fame: Sanford L. Cluett", Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 2007, webpage: RPI-Clu: mentions Sanforizing and Clupak paper.