Sandra Welner

Sandra Welner (1958–2001) was an American physician, inventor, and advocate for disabled women's healthcare.

Sandra Welner
Born1958
Pittsburgh, PA
Died2001
Washington, DC
Cause of deathBurns suffered from a fire
Resting placeAllegheny County, PA
NationalityUnited States
Alma materLehigh University, Medical College of Pennsylvania
Known fordisabled women's healthcare, inventor of the Welner table
Scientific career
InstitutionsGeorgetown University, University of Maryland

Early life and education

Sandra Leah Welner was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Nikodem and Barbara Safier Welner. Her parents were both Polish-born and British-educated; her father was a civil engineer, and her mother was a nurse. Sandra graduated from Hillel Academy in 1975, as valedictorian and a National Merit Scholar. Welner enrolled in an accelerated medical education program, where she completed undergraduate work at Lehigh University, and earned her medical degree from the Medical College of Pennsylvania, in 1981 (at age 22). She completed further training in her specialty, obstetrics and gynecology, at Yale University.[1]

Career

Welner began her career as a surgeon and an infertility specialist, directing a women's clinic in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1987, she experienced a cardiac arrest while at a hospital in the Netherlands. Complications afterwards led to neurological impairments, particularly affecting mobility, vision, and fine-motor skills. After bleak initial prognosis and five years of rehabilitation, she was eventually able to resume a career in medicine, if not as a surgeon. (She continued to use a cane and other supports.)[2]

Welner's practice after her injury focused on primary care for disabled women. Her Washington D.C. location allowed Welner to consult with federal agencies, and with the American Cancer Society and other national organizations. She was also an assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Georgetown University and University of Maryland medical schools.[3][4] She authored several journal articles and contributed to two books about women's health and disability. Her handbook, Welner's Guide to the Care of Women with Disabilities was published posthumously.

Welner's work with disabled women patients led her to invent the Welner table, a universally-accessible examination table that adjusts in position and height, for easier transfers from a wheelchair. The table also serves the disabled physician, by allowing a wider range of positions for performing examinations.[1][5]

Works

Journal articles
  • Welner, Sandra; DeCherney, Alan H.; Polan, Mary Lake (January 1988). "Human menopausal gonadotropins: A justifiable therapy in ovulatory women with long-standing idiopathic infertility". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 158 (1): 111–117. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(88)90789-2. PMID 3122578.
  • Welner, Sandra L. (1997). "Gynecologic Care and Sexuality Issues for Women with Disabilities". Sexuality and Disability. 15 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1023/A:1024715514119.
  • Welner, Sandra L. (April 1998). "Screening Issues in Gynecologic Malignancies for Women with Disabilities: Critical Considerations". Journal of Women's Health. 7 (3): 281–285. doi:10.1089/jwh.1998.7.281. PMID 9580906.
  • Welner, Sandra (1998). "Reproductive endocrinology and disability: the effect of disability on menstrual cyclicity and fertility". Infertility and Reproductive Medicine Clinics of North America. W.B. Saunders Company. 9: 689–698.
  • Welner, Sandra L.; Foley, Catherine C.; Nosek, Margaret A.; Holmes, Ann (1999). "Practical Considerations in the Performance of Physical Examinations on Women With Disabilities". Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 54 (7): 457–462. doi:10.1097/00006254-199907000-00025. ISSN 0029-7828. PMID 10394583.
  • Welner, Sandra L. (1999). "Contraceptive Choices for Women with Disabilities". Sexuality and Disability. 17 (3): 209–214. doi:10.1023/A:1022124804968.
  • Welner, Sandra L. (1999). "Menopausal Issues". Sexuality and Disability. 17 (3): 259–267. doi:10.1023/A:1022185123624.
  • Welner, Sandra L. (1999). "Conducting a Physical Examination on a Woman with a Disability". Sexuality and Disability. 17 (3): 199–203. doi:10.1023/A:1022120704060.
  • Welner, Sandra L. (1999). "Infertility and Management Approaches for Women with Disabilities". Sexuality and Disability. 17 (3): 233–236. doi:10.1023/A:1022181022715.
  • Welner, Sandra L. (1999). "Managing the Menstrual Cycle in Women with Disabilities". Sexuality and Disability. 17 (3): 205–207. doi:10.1023/A:1022172720898.
  • Welner, Sandra L. (2000). "Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women with Disabilities: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention: A Review". Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 27 (5): 272–277. doi:10.1097/00007435-200005000-00007. ISSN 0148-5717.
  • Welner, Sandra L.; Simon, James A.; Welner, Barbara (2002). "Maximizing health in menopausal women with disabilities". Menopause. 9 (3): 208–219. doi:10.1097/00042192-200205000-00009. ISSN 1072-3714. PMID 11973444.

Books and chapters

Personal life

Welner's brothers Michael Welner and Alan Welner are also physicians (Michael a forensic psychiatrist, Alan a physiatrist).

Sandra Welner died in 2001, in Washington DC, from extensive burns sustained in an apartment fire after a candle flame came in contact with loose clothing.[6][7] She was buried at Parkway Jewish Center Cemetery in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.[8]

Legacy

The professional handbook Welner was co-editing (with Florence Haseltine) before her death, Welner's Guide to the Care of Women with Disabilities, was published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins in 2003.[9]

In 2004, she was inducted posthumously into the National Hall of Fame for Persons with Disabilities, in Columbus, Ohio.[10]

The Welner table is in production and can be found in clinics worldwide,[11] especially in her home city, at the Center for Women with Disabilities at Magee-Women's Hospital.[1][12]

Welner's longtime friend, Jeffrey Lovitky, was lead attorney in a successful case, American Council of the Blind v. Paulson, brought in 2002 by the American Council of the Blind; the court's 2006 ruling requiring the United States Treasury Department to redesign paper money for blind users was upheld on appeal in 2008. Lovitky mentioned in interviews that his memories of Welner's experiences handling money were one reason that he took the case.[2]

References
  1. Anita Srikameswaran, "Obituary: Dr. Sandra Welner: Obstetrician-gynecologist, champion for disabled women," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (October 23, 2001).
  2. Adam Davidson, "Court Says Dollar Design Discriminates Against Blind," All Things Considered (National Public Radio)(May 20, 2008).
  3. Judi Rogers, "Obituary: Dr. Sandy Welner, Disabled Women's Health Advocate," Disability World 10(September-October 2001).
  4. Sandra Welner, "Reproductive Endocrinology and Disability: The Effect of Disability on Menstrual Cyclicity and Fertility," Infertility and Reproductive Clinics of North America 9(4)(October 1998).
  5. Hilary Waldman, "New Equipment, New Outlook: Providing Reproductive Health Care for Women with Disabilities," Hartford Courant(March 5, 1998).
  6. http://www.thehoya.com/obituary-med-center-prof-dies-from-burns/
  7. Adam Bernstein, "Sandra L. Welner Dies; Medical Professor," The Washington Post (October 25, 2001).
  8. Findagrave.com memorial for Sandra Welner, 1958-2001.
  9. Sandra Welner and Florence Haseltine, eds., Welner's Guide to the Care of Women with Disabilities (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003).
  10. Pohla Smith, "Disabled Doctor Inducted into National Hall of Fame," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (November 8, 2004).
  11. Welner Enabled, Inc., website.
  12. Jane-Ellen Robinet, "Breaking Down the Barriers to Health Care," Pittsburgh Business Times (November 26, 2001).
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