Samuel Jeake

Samuel Jeake (1623–1690), dubbed the Elder to distinguish him from his son, was an English merchant, nonconformist, antiquary and astrologer from Rye, East Sussex, England.

Life

Born at Rye in Sussex, on 9 October 1623, he may have belonged to one of the French Protestant families who settled in the county at the end of the 16th century: the name Jeake, written also Jake, Jaque, Jeakes, and Jacque, does point to a French origin. Samuel's father was a baker. His mother, a pious woman, was daughter of the Rev. John Pearson of Peasmarsh, Sussex; she died 20 November 1639.[1]

In 1640 Samuel severed his connection with the Church of England, and was appointed minister of a conventicle, apparently Baptist. He later became an attorney-at-law at Rye, and in 1651 was made a freeman and common, or town, clerk. This office he resigned, or was deprived of, after the passing of the act of 1661 excluding dissenters from municipal corporations.[1]

As a sectarian preacher, Jeake frequently clashed with the authorities. He was prosecuted before the privy council in 1681, and his meeting-house was shut up. Next year he was again delated, under the Five Miles Act. Brought to London, he remained there till 1687, when the toleration which James II extended to the dissenters enabled him to return to Rye. There he took part in meetings till his death, on 3 October 1690.[1]

Jeake dabbled in alchemy, and made a calculation of his own horoscope. He had a large library, and compiled a catalogue. Remains of a storehouse built by him, and of a horoscope on the front, survived in Mermaid Street, Rye.[1]

Works

Jeake is primarily known for his extensive diaries, which are today considered a valuable historical resource. Jeake also wrote on mathematics, and made the first recorded use of the terms "addend",[2] "cosecant",[3] and "proper fraction".[4]

Table of powers from A compleat body of arithmetic, in four books (1701), a work by Samuel Jeake written in 1671[5]

His principal mathematical work was Logisticelogia, or Arithmetick Surveighed and Reviewed published in four books in 1696. This was edited by his son Samuel Jeake, the younger (1652–1699).[6]

Jeake was a nonconformist, but disliked presbyterians as much as the established church; and he spoke contemptuously of the Independents as "Babell, from the differences that have happened among the master-builders". He wrote voluminously on theological controversy, astrology, and antiquarian subjects, but published nothing himself. While town-clerk, he bought a collection of statutes referring to the Cinque ports, which belonged to the borough of Rye. This was the foundation of his major work on The Charters of the Cinque Ports, two Ancient Towns, and their Members. Translated into English, with Annotations, Historical and Critical, thereupon. Wherein divers old Words are explain'd, and some of their ancient Customs and Privileges observ'd, completed in 1678, but not printed until 1728. A translation of Charles II's charter to the Cinque ports, published for the mayor and jurats of Hastings (1682), is also attributed to Jeake.[1]

In literature

When Conrad Aiken was London correspondent for The New Yorker, he used the pen name "Samuel Jeake Junior".[7]

Family

In 1651 Jeake married Frances Hartridge of Pembury, Kent, and they had three children, of whom their son Samuel Jeake the Younger survived them.

References

1. Lee, Sidney, ed. (1892). "Jeake, Samuel" . Dictionary of National Biography. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
2. "more word origins 8". Retrieved 6 March 2009.
3. "Earliest uses of symbols of operation". Retrieved 6 March 2009.
4. "Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics". Retrieved 27 November 2009.
5. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1845). Encyclopaedia Metropolitana: Pure sciences. B. Fellowes. pp. 442–. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
6. "Lot 114/4492 Christie's auction house, London". Retrieved 2 March 2010.
7. "Conrad Aiken : The Poetry Foundation". Retrieved 6 March 2009.

• Samual Jeake the elder and Younger details Eyeball.fm. Accessed 02-04-2010.
• Biography at Jeakes House Hotel, Rye Sussex. Accessed 02-04-2010.

Further reading

• Michael Cyril William Hunter (1999). A Radical's Books: The Library Catalogue of Samuel Jeake of Rye, 1623-90. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-0-85991-471-0. Retrieved 10 May 2013.

Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1892). "Jeake, Samuel". Dictionary of National Biography. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.