Salomé Ureña

Salomé Ureña (October 21, 1850 - March 6, 1898) was a Dominican poet and an early proponent of women's higher education in the Dominican Republic.

Early life

Salomé Ureña was born in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic on October 21, 1850. She was the daughter of writer Nicolás Ureña de Mendoza and Gregoria Díaz de León, who also gave their daughter her early education. At a young age Salomé was well influenced by literature. Her father taught her the classic works of Spanish and French writers that helped the young Salomé to develop her own literary career.

Poetry

She began publishing her first works at the age of seventeen and soon became known for her spontaneity and tenderness. Later on, her poetry became more tragic and sad with poems such as "En horas de angustia" (In Hours of Anguish) or very patriotic and strong in poems such as "La Patria" (The Motherland) and "Ruinas" (Ruins). She would include more personal themes in her poetry, as noted in "Mi Pedro" (dedicated to her son, perhaps her most affectionate poem), "La llegada del invierno" (The Arrival of the Winter), and a book that became very popular called "Steven", where she talks about her country, her family, the plants and flowers, and the island itself.

Personal life

At the age of thirty in 1880, she married Dr. Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal, himself a writer, and an important figure in politics. The couple had four children: Francisco, Pedro, Max, and Camila Henríquez Ureña. Their children would later become highly respected figures of the mid- and late 20th century as writers, philosophers, poets, and critics of the arts.

Instituto de señoritas

Around 1881, Salomé with the help of her husband opened one of the first centers of higher education for young women in the Dominican Republic, which she named "Instituto de Señoritas".[1][Note 1] Within five years, the first six female teachers had graduated from the Institute, something uncommon at the time. The first graduating class included Mercedes Laura Aguiar, Leonor M. Feltz, Altagracia Henríquez Perdomo, Luisa Ozema Pellerano, Catalina Pou, and Ana Josefa Puello.[1]

Death

Ureña died on March 6, 1897, at age 46, due to complications of tuberculosis.

Partial Bibliography
  • 1873 - The glory of progress
  • 1876 - Ruins
  • 1877 - The arrival of winter
  • 1878 - Faith in the future
  • 1880 - Anacaona
  • 1880 - Poetry of Salomé Ureña de Henríquez
  • 1881 - Shadows
  • 1897 - My Pedro
  • 1902 - Herminia

Ancestry

Note
  1. The first secondary institution offering co-educational schooling in the country had been opened by Socorro Sánchez del Rosario before 1870 in Santiago de los Caballeros and Sánchez then opened the Colegio La Altagracia (High Grace College) for women in Santo Domingo in 1881,[2] graduating the first licensed teacher of the nation, Dolores Rodríguez Objío, in 1883.[3][4]

References
  • Fenwick, M. J. "Literature Latin America". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2007-04-25.
  1. "El Instituto de Señoritas formó las primeras maestras" (in Spanish). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Diario Dominicano. 3 January 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  2. Candelario, Ginetta E. B. (2016). "Sánchez, María del Socorro del Rosario (1830–1899)". In Knight, Franklin W.; Gates, Jr., Henry Louis (eds.). Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-93580-2. – via Oxford University Press's Reference Online (subscription required)
  3. Peña, Ángela (5 July 2009). "Calles y avenidas. Maestra Dolores Rodríguez Objío" [Streets and Avenues: Teacher Dolores Rodríguez Objío]. Hoy (in Spanish). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  4. Ferreras, Ramón Alberto (1976). Historia del feminismo en la Republica Dominicana: su origen y proyección social [History of Feminism in the Dominican Republic: Its Origin and Social Projection] (in Spanish). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Editora Cosmos. p. 82. OCLC 123174029.
  5. Fuente: "SALOMÉ UREÑA DE HENRÍQUEZ", escrito por 'Silveria R. de Rodríguez Demorizi', publicado por 'Cielo Naranja', impreso por 'Imprenta López' en Buenos Aires, Argentina en el año 1944. Enlace: http://www.cielonaranja.com/salome-bio.pdf

Poems
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