Sagrantino

Sagrantino is an Italian grape variety that is indigenous to the region of Umbria in Central Italy. It is grown primarily in the village of Montefalco and the surrounding area, with a recent rapid increase in planting area from 351 hectares (870 acres) in 2000 to 994 hectares (2,460 acres) by 2010[1] dedicated to the grape, in the hands of about 50 producers.[2]

Sagrantino
Grape (Vitis)
Sagrantino grapes
Color of berry skinNoir
SpeciesVitis vinifera
OriginUmbria, Italy
Notable regionsUmbria
Notable winesMontefalco Sagrantino, Montefalco Rosso
VIVC number10457

History

The origins of the variety are unclear and poorly documented, but the first written record of it is in Umbria in the late 16th century as a communion wine, although Pliny the Elder mentioned red wines from Montefalco that may have been Sagrantino. The name itself is also of uncertain origin, possibly from sagra (feast) or sacrestia (communion wine).[3]

Historically Sagrantino was used primarily for making sweet passito wines, partially drying the grapes to yield a thick, syrupy wine with raisin and blueberry qualities, much like a Recioto della Valpolicella. Since the 1970s however, the wines have been made principally in a dry secco style, with typically bold extraction and complete fermentation.

Viticulture
Sagrantino wines from Italy and Australia.

Sagrantino is a vigorous, relatively disease-resistant yet low-yielding vine. Although it flowers early, and reaches veraison early to form thick dark skins and large pips, it requires a long hot season to ripen, producing small slightly conical winged bunches, late in the season; in Umbria usually late October.[3] The grape has one of the highest tannic levels of any variety in the world.[4] Its wines contain more tannin than those made from Aglianico or Tannat, and twice the level of Cabernet Sauvignon or Nebbiolo wines.[5] It creates wines that are inky purple with an almost-black center. The bouquet is one of dark, brooding red fruits with hints of plum, cinnamon, and earth.[3]

Italy
See also: Montefalco Sagrantino and Montefalco Rosso

Almost all of the world's Sagrantino is grown in Umbria, to make Montefalco Sagrantino and Montefalco Rosso wines. Granted DOCG status in 1992, Montefalco Sagrantino must me made entirely from Sagrantino grapes and requires a minimum of 37 months ageing before release, 12 of which must be in oak barrels. With production still relatively limited, the wine is not widely known outside Italy.[6] Montefalco Rosso is a Sangiovese-dominant DOC red wine that requires between 10-25% of the blend to be Sagrantino.

Australia

Sagrantino was first brought into Australia in 1998 by the Chalmers Nursery, and the first wine to be produced in Australia was the Chalmers 2004 vintage from their vineyard in Euston, New South Wales.[7] Figures are hard to obtain for such a small segment of the Australian wine industry, but one source estimated about 20 hectares (49 acres) of Sagrantino vineyards in 2010.[8] Sagrantino is grown in small lots right across Australia; wines are made in South Australia by Lou Miranda, d'Arenberg, Olivers Taranga and Mitolo, in Victoria by Pizzini, Andrew Peace and Chalmers, and as far north as the Granite Belt region of Queensland by Symphony Hill and Balancing Rock. Australian Sagrantino wines tend to be more immediately approachable and "fruit-driven" with less ageing used, and winemakers employing various techniques to moderate the high tannins present in the grape.[9]

United States

Sagrantino is being grown in small areas in the United States mainly in California, but also in Washington, Texas and North Carolina.[10][11] Producers such as DaVero, Benessere, and Messina Hof are growing and vinifying Sagrantino as a result of trialling grape varieties that handle hotter and drier conditions than Cabernet Sauvignon and other traditionally grown varieties.[12][13]

References
  1. Anderson, Kym; Aryal, Nanda R. (2013). Which Winegrape Varieties are Grown Where? A Global Empirical Picture. University of Adelaide Press. doi:10.20851/winegrapes. ISBN 978-1-922064-67-7.
  2. "Consortium Montefalco". Consortium Montefalco. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  3. D'Agata, Ian (2014). "Sagrantino". Native Wine Grapes of Italy. University of California Press. pp. 424–426. ISBN 978-0-520-27226-2.
  4. Arapitsas, Panagiotis; Ugliano, Maurizio; Marangon, Matteo; Piombino, Paola; Rolle, Luca; Gerbi, Vincenzo; Versari, Andrea; Mattivi, Fulvio (9 April 2020). "Use of Untargeted Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Metabolome To Discriminate Italian Monovarietal Red Wines, Produced in Their Different Terroirs". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00879. PMID 32271564. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  5. Khan NQ, Patel B, Kang SS, et al. (20 May 2015). "Regulation of vascular endothelial function by red wine procyanidins: implications for cardiovascular health". Tetrahedron. 71 (20): 3059–3065. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.078.
  6. "Consortium Montefalco - Sagrantino, Umbria's Jewels". Consortium Montefalco. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  7. Chalmers, Kim (January 2009). "More is more when it comes to diversity". Wine Industry Journal. 24 (1): 9.
  8. Rowley, M. (2010). "Interest in Italian varietal beauties turns heads toward Sagrantino". Australian Viticulture. 14 (5): 84.
  9. Wright, Corrina (March 2013). "Savouring Sagrantino". Wine & Viticulture Journal. 28 (2): 53.
  10. "Sagrantino Wine Information". Wine-Searcher. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  11. "2019 Texas Wine Grape Varieties" (PDF). National Agricultural Statistics Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 2020.
  12. Willcox, Kathleen (19 September 2019). "The Rise of Italian Grapes in American Vineyards". Wine Enthusiast. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  13. Robertson, Dale (8 October 2018). "Great Texas wines to try for Texas Wine Month". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
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