SOGIN

SOGIN (Italian: Società Gestione Impianti Nucleari, the Nuclear Plant Management Company) is an Italian state company responsible for nuclear decommissioning as well as management and disposal of radioactive waste produced by industrial, research and medical processes.

SOGIN S.p.A.
Native name
Società Gestione Impianti Nucleari
TypeState owned company
IndustryEnergy
FoundedNovember 1, 1999 (1999-11-01) in Rome, Italy
HeadquartersVia Marsala, 51/c,
Rome
,
Italy
Area served
Italy
ServicesNuclear decommissioning
Revenue211.8 million euros[1] (2018)
3.9 million euros[1] (2018)
Number of employees
953[1] (2018)
Websitewww.sogin.it/en/

History

Following the 1987 referendums on nuclear power, the Italian government was required to decommission the country's remaining nuclear plants.[2] SOGIN was conceived as the company to undertake this work.

SOGIN was created on 1 November 1999 and took ownership of the closed Caorso, Enrico Fermi, Garigliano, Latina nuclear power plants from ENEL. Initially, SOGIN was created as a part of the ENEL group, but, following the passing of Legislative Decree no. 79, the so-called Bersani decree on 16 March 1999, which marked the beginning of the liberalization of the Italian electricity sector, it was decided to split ENEL.[3] On 3 November 2000, the SOGIN shares were transferred to the Ministry of Economy and Finance. In 2003, SOGIN also took responsibility decommissioning EUREX, previously owned by ENEA, the ITREC plant in Rotondella and the Casaccia research reactor in Cesano.

On 16 September 2004 SOGIN become a corporate group with the acquisition of 60% of the shares in Nucleco SpA (the remaining 40% being owned by ENEA). In 2005, SOGIN acquired the nuclear enrichment plant at Bosco Marengo, which it subsequently started decommissioning in 2008.[4]

The nuclear power plant at Trino was the first to be granted a decree for deactivation for decommissioning by the Ministry of Economic Development on 2 August 2012.[5] This was followed by a decree authorising the decommissioning of Gariglian on 26 September 2012.[6] In 2012, the company also started a three-year programme to decontaminate the boxes that had been used to store plutonium-contaminated gloves until 1986.[7]

SOGIN is tasked to completely decommission all Italian nuclear installations by 2024.[8]

National repository

In September 2008, a high-level discussion took place within the Italian government about a central repository for all nuclear waste. Previously, waste material had been sent abroad, the last shipment to BNFL taking place in 2005. This led to, in 2010, SOGIN being given the responsibility for finding a surface site to store nuclear waste.[9] SOGIN projected the Repository to be a structure with engineering barriers and natural barriers to store approximately 75,000 cubic metres (2,600,000 cu ft) of low and intermediate level waste permanently, and 15,000 cubic metres (530,000 cu ft) of high level waste temporarily. SOGIN predicted that of this, 60% will come from decommissioned plants. The remainder were to come from scientific research, medical and industrial applications, both waste produced to date and that which was estimated to be generated over the next 50 years. The creation of the repository was a critical criterion for SOGIN to achieve its decommissioning deadline.[8]

The repository was to be hosted in a technology park that will also host research and bring economic benefits to the community, including compensation administered by SOGIN.[10] Despite this, the search for a repository proved to be difficult. In November 2006 the Italian and the French governments agreed to transfer about 235 tonnes (231 long tons; 259 short tons) of spent fuel to France. On this basis, in April 2007, SOGIN signed a contract with AREVA and a shipment of spent fuel from the Caorso nuclear power plant to France was completed in June 2010.[8]

International activity

As well as its core business of decommissioning Italian nuclear plants, SOGIN undertakes international consultancy in environmental remediation, radioactive waste management and nuclear safety. The company has undertaken projects at Metsamor in Armenia, Belene and Kozloduy in Bulgaria, Dukovany and Temelin in the Czech Republic, Phénix in France, Aktau in Kazakhstan, Ignalina in Lithuania, Cernavodă in Romania, Beloyarsk, Bilibino, Kalinin and Kola in Russia, Bohunice and Mochovce in Slovakia and Khmelnytskyi and Rivne in the Ukraine.[11]

SOGIN has been actively involved in the G8 Glocal Partnership programme, launched in Kananaskis in 2002, to support and accelerate Russia's nuclear disarmament. On 3 August 2005, an agreement was signed between SOGIN and the Ministry of Industry for the company to dismantle Russian nuclear submarines. The programme required a specialist vessel, the Rossita, to be constructed, which was delivered in 2011.[12]

In 2014, SOGIN signed an agreement with China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN), to share expertise on nuclear decommissioning, remove parts from the nuclear fuel pool of a Chinese plant, develop policies and strategies to manage radioactive waste and used fuel in China and undertake a joint study of an innovative process for the minimization, treatment and conditioning of radioactive waste in Italy.[13] SOGIN signed a similar agreement with the Radioactive Waste Repository Authority (RAWRA) in the Czech republic in 2016 covering the storage of nuclear waste, including collaboration on a deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste.[14]

Controversy

SOGIN has been criticised for lacking openness and participation in its decision making.[15] For example, in November 2003, the underground salt caverns outside the town of Scanzano Jonico were declared to be a potential site to store high grade nuclear waste. In response, over 150,000 marched in demonstration, residents blocked roads and shut down businesses and the regional council declared the area a denuclearised zone. In 2007, l'Unita reported that Carlo Jean and Giancarlo Bolognini shared over one million euros as compensation when they were replaced as directors, despite the company allegedly underachieving.[16]

SOGIN launched the Observatory for the Closure of the Nuclear Cycle (Osservatorio per la Chiusura del Ciclo Nucleare) in 2014 with the Fondazione per lo Sviluppo Sostenible in 2014 as an independent monitor of the social, environmental and technical aspects of nuclear sites.[17]

Senior management
PeriodRole and NameNote
2016– [18]
2013–2015
  • President: Giuseppe Zollino
  • CEO: Riccardo Casale
 [19]
2010–2012
  • President: Giancarlo Aragona
  • CEO: Giuseppe Nucci
 [20]
2009–2010
  • Commissioner: Francesco Mazzuca
  • Vice-Commissioner: Giuseppe Nucci, Claudio Nardone
 [21]
2007–2009
  • President: Maurizio Cumo
  • CEO (2007–2008): Massimo Romano
 [22][23]
2004–2006
  • President: Carlo Jean
  • CEO: Giancarlo Bolognini
 [24]
2001–2003
  • President: Maurizio Cumo
  • CEO: Raffaello De Felice
 [25]

Financial performance
PeriodRevenueNet profitDebtNet worthEmployeesNotes
2006 147 million euro 334,000 euro 399 million euro 16 million euro 761 [26]
2007 183.1 million euro 398,000 euro 241.6 million euro 16 million euro 727 [22]
2008 400.4 million euro 8.6 million euro 278.0 million euro 25 million euro 680 [27]
2009 229.9 million euro 6.8 million euro 244.8 million euro 31.6 million euro 652 [23]
2010 201.5 million euro 2.4 million euro 256.3 million euro 34.0 million euro 675 [21]
2011 245.2 million euro 5.7 million euro 228.5 million euro 39.7 million euro 707 [28]
2012 221.0 million euro 4.2 million euro 243.0 million euro 43.9 million euro 789 [29]
2013 366.7 million euro 0.5 million euro 245.1 million euro 44.4 million euro 840 [30]
2014 211.8 million euro 2.8 million euro 298.6 million euro 46.2 million euro 882 [31]
2015 240.3 million euro 2.7 million euro 240.6 million euro 47.1 million euro 967 [32]
2016 194.5 million euro 1.4 million euro 242.3 million euro 47.8 million euro 1022 [33]
2017 408.8 million euro 5.2 million euro 687.9 million euro 52.3 million euro 978 [34]
2018 211.8 million euro 3.9 million euro 453.9 million euro 53.7 million euro 953 [1]

References
  1. SOGIN (2019). Bilancio d’esercizio di Sogin S.p.A. e Relazione sulla gestione consolidata al 31 dicembre 2018 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  2. Graf von Hardenberg, Wilko (2011). "Nuclear Power, No Thanks! The Aftermath of Chernobyl in Italy and the Nuclear Power Referendum of 1987". Environment & Society Portal, Arcadia. Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society. no. 3. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  3. Cotana, Franco (2009). Energia nucleare : nuove prospettive ed opportunità : atti della giornata di studio nazionale, 7 marzo 2008, Terni, Università di Perugia, Polo scientifico didattico. Perugia: Morlacchi. ISBN 9788860742582.
  4. "First decommissioning authorization in Italy". World Nuclear News. World Nuclear Association. 12 December 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  5. "Decreto dirigenziale 2 agosto 2012 - Disattivazione della Centrale Nucleare "Enrico Fermi"". MISE. Minstero dello Sviluppo Economico. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  6. "Decreto dirigenziale 28 settembre 2012 - Disattivazione della Centrale Nucleare del Garigliano sita in S. Venditto di Sessa Aurunca (CE)". MISE. Minstero dello Sviluppo Economico. 26 September 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  7. "Esplora il significato del termine: Smantellata la "scatola a guanti" Smantellata la "scatola a guanti"". Corriere della Sera. RCS Media Group. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  8. "Italy (Italian Republic)". IAEA. 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  9. "Legislative Decree setting out rules for the siting, construction and operation on the national territory of nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel fabrication facilities, storage systems for spent fuel and radioactive waste, as well as compensatory measures and public information campaigns" (PDF). OECD. 12 December 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  10. di Nocci, Maria Rosaria (2015). "The Challenge of Nuclear Waste Governance in Italy". In Brunnengräber, Achim; Di Nucci, Maria Rosaria; Isidoro Losada, Ana Maria; Mez, Lutz; Schreurs, Miranda A. (eds.). Nuclear Waste Governance: An International Comparison. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. p. 315. ISBN 9783658089610.
  11. "Know-How for the international market". SOGIN. 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  12. "Fincantieri Launches the Multipurpose "Rossita"". Fincantieri. 16 December 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  13. "Sogin, CGN cooperate on waste management". World Nuclear News. World Nuclear Association. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  14. "The Radioactive Waste Repository Authority signs a memorandum of mutual cooperation with the Italian company SOGIN". SÚRAO. 17 March 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  15. di Nocci, Maria Rosaria (2015). "The Challenge of Nuclear Waste Governance in Italy". In Brunnengräber, Achim; Di Nucci, Maria Rosaria; Isidoro Losada, Ana Maria; Mez, Lutz; Schreurs, Miranda A. (eds.). Nuclear Waste Governance: An International Comparison. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. p. 316. ISBN 9783658089610.
  16. Rossi, Roberto (24 January 2007). "Sogin, via il generale Jean. Con buonuscita a 5 zeriL'eredità di Berlusconi: lo Stato liquida una gestione allegra. Oggi i nuovi v ertici della società del nucleare". L'Unita. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  17. Schirru, Claudio (21 March 2014). "Nasce Osservatorio per i rifiuti nucleari: 90.000 metri cubi in Italia". Greenstyle. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  18. "Nominato il nuovo Consiglio di Amministrazione di SOGIN" (PDF). SOGIN. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 24 Oct 2016.
  19. "A new Sogin Board of Directors has been appointed; Giuseppe Zollino Chairman and Riccardo Casale CEO". SOGIN. 20 September 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  20. "Nominato il nuovo cda di Sogin Nucci amministratore delegato". Notizie dall'Italia. le1000gru.org. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  21. SOGIN (2011). SOGIN Bilancio 2010 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  22. SOGIN (2008). SOGIN Bilancio 2007 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  23. SOGIN (2010). SOGIN Bilancio 2009 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  24. SOGIN (2002). SOGIN Bilancio 2004 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  25. SOGIN (2002). SOGIN Bilancio 2001 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  26. SOGIN (2007). SOGIN Bilancio 2006 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  27. SOGIN (2009). SOGIN Bilancio 2008 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  28. SOGIN (2012). SOGIN Bilancio 2011 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  29. SOGIN (2013). SOGIN Bilancio 2012 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  30. SOGIN (2014). SOGIN Bilancio 2013 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  31. SOGIN (2015). SOGIN Bilancio 2014 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  32. SOGIN (2016). SOGIN Bilancio 2015 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  33. SOGIN (2017). Bilancio d’esercizio Sogin S.p.A. e Bilancio consolidato Gruppo Sogin al 31 dicembre 2016 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  34. SOGIN (2018). Bilancio d’esercizio di Sogin S.p.A. e Relazione sulla gestione consolidata al 31 dicembre 2017 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 28 September 2019.
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