Rover 400 / 45
The Rover 400 Series, and later the Rover 45, are a series of small family cars that were produced by the British manufacturer Rover from 1990 to 2005. The car was co developed as part of Rover's collaboration with Honda. The first generation 400 was based on the Honda Concerto, and the Mark II 400 (later the Rover 45) was based on the Honda Domani/Civic.
| Rover 400 Series Rover 45 | |
|---|---|
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| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Rover |
| Production | 1990–2005 |
| Assembly | United Kingdom: Longbridge, Birmingham |
| Designer | Peter Stevens |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Small family car |
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel-drive |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Rover 200 MkI (for R8) Rover 200 MkII (for HH-R) Austin Montego (for the saloon and estate/tourer) Austin Maestro (for hatchback) |
| Successor | MG 6 |
Honda petrol engines were used in some Rover models, conversely the market competitive Rover L Series diesel engine was used from the mid 1990s in Hondas, before they designed their own diesel engine.[1]
Rover 400 (R8; 1990–1998)
| Rover 400 (R8) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 1990–1995 (saloon) 1993–1998 (estate) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-door saloon 5-door estate |
| Related | Honda Concerto Rover 200 (R8) |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.4 L K-Series I4 (petrol) 1.6 L Honda D16 I4 (petrol) 2.0 L M-Series I4 (petrol) 1.8 L PSA XUD I4 (t/c diesel) 1.9 L PSA XUD I4 (diesel) |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,550 mm (100.4 in) |
| Length | 4,370 mm (172.0 in) |
| Width | 1,680 mm (66.1 in) |
| Height | 1,400 mm (55.1 in) |
The original 400 Series, launched as a four door saloon in April 1990, was simply a saloon version of the second generation Rover 200 Series hatchback, both sharing the codename R8 during development. The 200 Series had been launched six months earlier.
Like the 200, the model was designed in collaboration with Honda (who produced the corresponding designed for Europe Concerto model) and both models would share production lines at Rover's Longbridge facility. It used the same core structure and mechanicals as the Honda, but the rear end redesign of the glasshouse and body were unique to Rover. Interior trim and electrical architecture were all shared with the R8 Rover 200.
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An estate — or station wagon — version was subsequently developed by Rover Special Products. Badged as the 'Rover 400 Tourer', this remained in production alongside the second generation 400 until 1998, as no estate version of the later car was built. Many of the 400 Tourers were exported to Japan.
The R8 Rover 200 and 400 were the first applications of Rover's K Series family of engines (appearing in 1.4 L (1,396 cc) twin-cam sixteen valve form).
The 1.6 L (1,590 cc) version used either a Honda D16A6 and D16Z2 SOHC or D16A8 DOHC powerplant, while the 2.0 L M Series unit from the 800 Series followed soon afterwards (1991) in the sportier versions.
The Rover engined models drove the front wheels via jointly developed Peugeot/Rover R65 gearboxes (1.4 litre) and Rover PG1 for the 1.6 and 2.0 litre versions. The Rover 420 GSI turbo and GSI Sport turbo, produced in limited numbers, were equipped with the turbocharged 197 bhp (147 kW) Rover T-Series engine.
Also available were two PSA (non electronically controlled Lucas CAV injection pumps) Indirect injection diesel engines, with the choice of naturally aspirated 1.9 litre XUD9 or turbocharged 1.8 XUD7T engines. They were class leading in their refinement in Peugeot and Citroen installations, but less refined in the Rovers because of industrial action.
These engines were installed instead of the non electronically controlled Bosch HPVE Direct Injection Rover MDi / Perkins Prima used in the Austin Maestro and Montego, because that engine, with its noisy combustion but lower fuel consumption, was deemed too unrefined for the new models.
A mid life facelift (also applied to the Rover 200) saw the reintroduction of the Rover grille which had also reappeared on the R17 facelift of the Rover 800. This change was achieved without significant change to the remaining structure, but provided a more distinctive Rover "family look" and establish a certain distance from the Honda Concerto.
Rover 400 (HH-R; 1995–1999)
| Rover 400 (HH-R) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 1995–1999 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-door saloon 5-door hatchback |
| Related | Honda Domani Rover 200 (R3) |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.4 L K-Series I4 (petrol) 1.6 L K-Series I4 (petrol) 1.6 L Honda D16 I4 (petrol) 2.0 L T-Series I4 (petrol) 2.0 L L-Series I4 (t/c diesel) |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,620 mm (103.1 in) |
| Length | 4,320 mm (170.1 in) |
| Width | 1,695 mm (66.7 in) |
| Height | 1,390 mm (54.7 in) |
The second generation 400 Series, codenamed Theta or HH-R, was launched in the summer of 1995 as a hatchback, and later as a saloon.
This time, it was based on the Honda Domani, which had been released in Japan in 1992, and was sold as part of the European Honda Civic range in five door hatchback form. It was no longer as closely related to the 200 Series, which was revised independently by Rover but still shared many components with the 400.
Power came from 1.4 and 1.6 litre K-Series, 1.6 litre Honda D series SOHC (Automatic gearbox only) and 2.0 L Rover T Series petrol engines, as well as a 2.0 litre L-Series turbodiesel from the more luxurious 600 Series.
The Rover 400 might have been marketed as a small family car, as it compares closely in size and engine range with contemporary models such as the Ford Escort and Vauxhall Astra. Instead, Rover priced the car to compete with vehicles like the Ford Mondeo and Vauxhall Vectra.
This was due as Rover's only offering in the C/D segment at the time was the ageing Montego, and this gap in the company's line up needed to be filled. A saloon version was later introduced for the 400.
The related Honda Civic was not sold as a saloon in the United Kingdom, although a four door version was available in other markets. This helped to expand the appeal of the Rover model up market into the executive car segment, and to better differentiate the two cars.
The second generation 400 was initially popular, being one of Britain's best selling cars between 1995 and 1997. But within three years, it was being outsold by traditionally poorer selling cars, such as the Volkswagen Passat and Renault Laguna.
Rover 45 (1999–2005)
| Rover 45 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 1999–2005 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-door saloon 5-door hatchback |
| Related | Honda Domani Rover 25 MG ZS |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.4 L K-Series I4 (petrol) 1.6 L K-Series I4 (petrol) 1.8 L K-Series I4 (petrol) 2.0 L KV6 V6 (petrol) 2.0 L L-Series I4 (diesel) |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,620 mm (103.1 in) |
| Length | 4,360 mm (171.7 in) (1999–2004 hatchback) 4,520 mm (178.0 in) (1999–2004 saloon) 4,386 mm (172.7 in) (2004–2005 hatchback) 4,540 mm (178.7 in) (2004–2005 saloon) |
| Width | 1,695 mm (66.7 in) (1999–2004) 1,678 mm (66.1 in) (2004–2005) |
| Height | 1,390 mm (54.7 in) (1999–2004) 1,386 mm (54.6 in) (2004–2005) |
The Rover 400 was facelifted in October 1999, to become the Rover 45. It was repositioned and priced to compete with the Ford Focus and Vauxhall Astra, rather than larger cars like the Ford Mondeo and Vauxhall Vectra. From the summer of 2001, a reengineered hot hatch version of the Rover 45 was launched and sold as the MG ZS.
The 1.4 and 1.6 litre K series petrol and 2.0 litre L series diesel engines were carried over from the 400 Series, along with the introduction of a 1.8 K series and a 2.0 litre V6 from the larger Rover 75 (replacing the 2.0 T series four cylinder petrol unit) – although this power unit was only available on saloon versions. The 45 came equipped with the better seating of the 75 and whilst the 400 models handled very well, the suspension was tuned to give much better controlled ride characteristics with quicker steering.
The 45 was available with Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) supplied by the German manufacturer ZF Sachs AG which had previously been used in the MGF. This particular design of CVT consists of an oil cooled laminated steel belt (with external oil cooler) running on variable pulleys.
The revised model boasted improved equipment levels, comfortable interior and reduced prices, compared with the preceding 400 badged models. While the asking price was now in line with other small family cars, the Rover 45 began to lose market share, its chances of success not helped by its aged design.
Therefore, the 45 was never able to seriously compete with more modern designs, such as the Ford Focus and Vauxhall Astra in terms of popularity. It was even outsold by the likes of the Peugeot 307, Fiat Stilo, Volkswagen Golf and Renault Mégane.
A facelift in the spring of 2004 was MG Rover's last effort to boost sales of the Rover 45, including a new front and rear end styling, a redesigned interior with refreshed dash, centre console and new switchgear, revised suspension settings, improved equipment and lower prices.
Some of these changes were necessitated by the end of Domani production in Japan, as Honda refused to continue the supply of certain parts.
Production of the car stopped in April 2005, due to the bankruptcy of MG Rover. Honda swiftly terminated the licensing agreement with MG Rover, and removed the remaining tooling and assembly lines for the car from Longbridge prior to its sale to Nanjing Automotive, which meant that no versions of the Rover 45/MG ZS were ever produced by Nanjing Automotive.
Security Ratings
Rover 45 models were tested on three separate occasions by Thatcham's New Vehicle Security Ratings (NVSR) organisation, and achieved the following ratings:[2]
| 01/00–12/02 | Rating |
|---|---|
| Theft of car: |   |
| Theft from car: | |
| 01/03–03/04 | Rating |
|---|---|
| Theft of car: | |
| Theft from car: | |
| 04/04–05/05 | Rating |
|---|---|
| Theft of car: | |
| Theft from car: | |
Powertrain
These were the engines available for the Rover 400 (1995–1999) and Rover 45 (2000–2005):[3][4]
| Years | Model & Transmission | Engine | Power | Torque | Top Speed | 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) | Economy (MPG imp) |
Emissions (CO2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petrol[5] | ||||||||
| 1995–1999 | 1.4 16v Manual | 1.4 L, I4 | 103 PS (76 kW; 102 hp) | 127 N·m (94 lb·ft) | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 11.0 secs | 41.0 mpg | 175 g/km |
| 1999–2005 | 1.4 16v Manual | 1.4 L, I4 | 103 PS (76 kW; 102 hp) | 123 N·m (91 lb·ft) | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 11.2 secs | 40.0 mpg | 168 g/km |
| 1995–2004 | 1.6 16v Manual | 1.6 L, I4 | 111 PS (82 kW; 109 hp) | 145 N·m (107 lb·ft) | 190 km/h (118 mph) | 10.0 secs | 39.0 mpg | 178 g/km |
| 1995–2000 | 1.6 16v Hondamatic | D16Y3 | 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) | 143 N·m (107 lb·ft) | 190 km/h (118 mph) | 12.0 secs | 32.0 mpg | 212 g/km |
| 1997–2005 | 1.8 16v Manual | 1.8 L, I4 | 117 PS (86 kW; 115 hp) | 160 N·m (118 lb·ft) | 195 km/h (121 mph) | 9.3 secs | 38.0 mpg | 174 g/km |
| 1999–2005 | 1.8 16v Stepspeed | 1.8 L, I4 | 117 PS (86 kW; 115 hp) | 160 N·m (118 lb·ft) | 184 km/h (118 mph) | 10.3 secs | 33.0 mpg | 203 g/km |
| 1995–2000 | 2.0 16v Manual | 2.0 L, I4 | 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) | 185 N·m (137 lb·ft) | 200 km/h (124 mph) | 9.0 secs | 32.0 mpg | 210 g/km |
| 2000–04 | 2.0 V6 Stepspeed | 2.0 L, V6 | 149 PS (110 kW; 147 hp) | 185 N·m (137 lb·ft) | 200 km/h (124 mph) | 9.5 secs | 28.0 mpg | 234 g/km |
| Diesel[5] | ||||||||
| 1995–1999 | 2.0 TD 86 Manual | 2.0 L, I4 | 86 PS (63 kW; 85 hp) | 170 N·m (125 lb·ft) | 169 km/h (105 mph) | 13.0 secs | 49.0 mpg | 168 g/km |
| 1995–1999 | 2.0 TD 105 Manual | 2.0 L, I4 | 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) | 210 N·m (155 lb·ft) | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 10.4 secs | 53.0 mpg | 166 g/km |
| 1999–2005 | 2.0 TD 101 Manual | 2.0 L, I4 | 101 PS (74 kW; 100 hp) | 240 N·m (177 lb·ft) | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 10.6 secs | 52.0 mpg | 150 g/km |
| 2002–05 | 2.0 TD 113 Manual | 2.0 L, I4 | 113 PS (83 kW; 111 hp) | 260 N·m (192 lb·ft) | 190 km/h (118 mph) | 9.8 secs | 50.0 mpg | 150 g/km |
Replacement model projects
R30
During the end of the 1990s, replacements for the Rover 25 and 45 models were developed by Rover Group under the codename R30. Intended for launch in 2003 as the Rover 35 and 55, these would have been based on an all new platform. At launch, these would have used K Series engines, but new Valvetronic engines were anticipated to be introduced by 2006. The R30 Project was cancelled, when BMW divested its ownership of Rover Group in March 2000.
It is possible that some of the development work may eventually have benefited the BMW 1 Series.[6]
RD/X60
Following the termination of the R30 Project, from 2001, MG Rover planned to replace the 45 with a model range based on the Rover 75 platform. Collectively referred to as the RD/X60 project (sometimes also written RDX60), the range was intended to comprise the following variants:
- RD60: Rover hatchback
- X60: MG hatchback
- RD61: Rover saloon
- RD62: Rover "tourer" estate
A preview of how the RD62 "Tourer" might appear was given at the 2002 Geneva Motor Show in the form of the Rover TCV (Tourer Concept Vehicle) concept car.[7]
During the design process, MG Rover's design partner Tom Walkinshaw Racing (TWR) went into administration. MG Rover lost access to most of the computer aided design work for their new vehicle. Efforts were made to reclaim these from the administrators, however, the resulting uncertainty and delays made it impossible to progress with the project.
The abortive SAIC Deal of August 2004 was to have included bringing a replacement for the ageing 45 to market, and the RD/X60 was a likely candidate for this. Ultimately, no such joint venture was entered into. After MG Rover's collapse, SAIC bought some of the company's intellectual property, and released a concept called the Roewe W2. Like the RD/X60, this was partly based on the platform of the Rover 75. The W2 entered production in April 2008, as the Roewe 550.
A hatchback derivative of the 550 was announced in November 2009, as the MG6.
References
- Keith Adams. "The cars : Rover 400/45/MG ZS development history". AROnline. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
- "New Vehicle Security Ratings | Car Search | Car Results | Thatcham MIRRC". Thatcham.org. Archived from the original on 2 August 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
- "Rover 400 Hatchback (95-00) Car Review - Facts & Figures". Parkers. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
- "Rover 45 Hatchback (04-05) Car Review - Facts & Figures". Parkers. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
- "Models - Rover 25". 3.mg-rover.com. Archived from the original on 19 November 2005. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
- "In-house designs: Rover R30". AROnline. 25 June 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- "Rover's new 45 to top the charts?". Auto Express (694): 6–7. 6 March 2002.
Media related to Rover 400 and Rover 45 at Wikimedia Commons