Rosendale Trestle

The Rosendale Trestle is a 940-foot (290-meter) continuous truss bridge and former railroad trestle in Rosendale Village, a hamlet in the town of Rosendale in Ulster County, New York. Originally constructed by the Wallkill Valley Railroad to continue its rail line from New Paltz to Kingston, the bridge rises 150 ft (46 m) above Rondout Creek, spanning both Route 213 and the former Delaware and Hudson Canal. Construction on the trestle began in late 1870, and continued until early 1872. When it opened to rail traffic on April 6, 1872, the Rosendale trestle was the highest span bridge in the United States.

Rosendale Trestle
The trestle, photographed in April 2011
Coordinates41°50′36″N 74°05′18″W
CarriesWallkill Valley Rail Trail, formerly Wallkill Valley Railroad
Crosses
LocaleRosendale, New York, United States
Characteristics
DesignPost truss[1]
MaterialSteel
Total length940 feet (290 m)[2]
Width6 ft (1,829 mm) (broad gauge)[1]
No. of spans9
Clearance below150 feet (46 m) above the water[3]
History
Constructed by
Fabrication byCarnegie Steel Company
Construction start1870
Construction end1872
InauguratedApril 6, 1872
Location

The trestle was rebuilt in 1895 by the King Bridge Company to address public concerns regarding its stability, and it has been repeatedly reinforced throughout its existence. Concern over the sturdiness of the trestle has persisted since its opening, and was a major reason Conrail closed the Wallkill Valley rail line in 1977. After the rail line's closure, Conrail sold the bridge in 1986 for one dollar to a private businessman who tried unsuccessfully to operate the trestle as a bungee jumping platform in the 1990s. A similar attempt was made the following decade. The trestle was seized by the county in 2009 for tax nonpayment, and renovated as a pedestrian walkway for the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail. The deck and railings now continue all the way across the trestle, and access is from a parking lot about 1⁄4 mile (400 meters) north on Binnewater Road. It opened to the public with a celebration on June 29, 2013.

History

Construction
The railroad bridge as it was originally built, prior to its 1895 reconstruction

In 1870, the Wallkill Valley Railroad operated trains between Montgomery and New Paltz, New York,[4] and began building a 413-foot (126 m)[5] bridge south of Rosendale, at Springtown Road, to cross the Wallkill River.[6] The Springtown bridge was completed by 1871, and the rail line was opened north to the town of Rosendale.[4] Rosendale issued $92,800 in bonds on May 13, 1869 to finance its portion of the railroad.[7]

Though the trestle was difficult to build,[8] and viewed as weak by modern standards,[9] it was remarkable for its time,[10] and can be considered the "most awesome part" of the Wallkill Valley rail line.[3] Construction on the bridge's abutments began in August 1870 by A. L. Dolby & Company, but work on the superstructure by the Waston Manufacturing Company did not begin until the following year due to problems with quicksand during the excavation.[11][12] Sections of the superstructure were built in Paterson, New Jersey.[13] The bridge originally had seven wrought-iron spans and two shorter wooden spans;[3] the longer spans were each[14] 105 feet (32 m) in length.[13] The bridge cost $250,000 to build,[15] and followed a Post truss design.[1] Roughly 1,000 short tons (910 t) of iron and 420,000 board feet (990 m3) of timber went into its construction. At the time of its completion in January 1872, it had the highest span of any bridge in the United States.[11][12] Due to its height, it could "scarcely be crossed for the first time without something like a feeling of terror".[16] The bridge allowed the rail line to continue north to Kingston.[3]

Active rail service
A depiction of two women walking under the trestle, in the area known as "Dead Man's Stretch"

The bridge was opened on April 6, 1872 in a ceremony attended by 5,000 people,[11] including prominent men from across Ulster, Orange, and Dutchess counties. One of the spectators was James S. McEntee, Esq., an engineer who had worked on the Delaware and Hudson Canal in 1825. He was the only person to have seen both "the passage of the first loaded boat through the canal and the first train over the bridge which spans it".[17] A 4-4-0 locomotive with five boxcars and two passenger cars made the inaugural run. Many spectators doubted the strength of the bridge, and believed that the trestle would collapse under the weight of the train. The bridge appeared unaffected by the strain, and an increasing number of people rode over the bridge during the second and third runs.[3]

A. L. Dolby & Company was contracted to complete the rail line between the bridge and Kingston. The track reached the Kingston Union Station in November 1872.[7] By this time, trains were running regularly to and from Kingston.[lower-alpha 1]

By 1885, the bridge supports were reinforced and the track was converted from broad gauge to standard gauge.[1] In 1888, the Wallkill Valley Railroad received a permit from the town of Rosendale to "construct and maintain abutments to support [the] trestle" as long as such work did not interfere with traffic along the underlying highway (present-day NY 213). That same year, the Delaware and Hudson Canal allowed the railroad to temporarily use some of its property by the Rondout Creek to place bents for bridge repairs.[18] The waterway beneath the trestle could be quite treacherous; so many people drowned that the area became known as "Dead Man's Stretch".[19] There have been reports of ghostly "apparitions" in the area, particularly of a white dog.[20]

The trestle, spanning the former Delaware and Hudson Canal, as well as Rondout Creek

The bridge was rebuilt by the King Bridge Company between 1895 and 1896, remaining in use most of the time;[21] the trestle is the only railroad bridge featured in the King Bridge Company catalogs of the 1880s and 1890s that remains standing.[22] The renovation converted the bridge's structure from iron and wood to steel to allay public concerns about its strength;[3] the height of the bridge evoked collapses such as the Tay Bridge disaster.[16] The steel was provided by the Carnegie Steel Company.[21] The renovation raised the bridge's piers by 8 feet (2.4 m)[23] and made the bridge straighter; the original design had a curve on the southern terminus.[24] One of the northern spans was completed by February 1896,[25] and the entire reconstruction was finished by June.[26] The layout of the spans was unchanged from the original 1872 design.[3] Following its reconstruction, the bridge was unaffected by the shock of a large cave-in at a nearby Rosendale cement quarry on December 26, 1899,[27] though it was shaken by a nearby boiler explosion that occurred days before the collapse.[28]

From the time of its reconstruction to its eventual closure, passengers continued to have concerns over the trestle. The "speed, weight, and positioning of rolling stock on the bridge" was monitored,[3] and it was repeatedly reinforced to "carry the ever heavier loads of modern railroading".[21] In the 1940s, steam engines carrying heavy loads over the bridge caused the catwalk on the west side of the bridge to shake.[29] By 1975, the rail line had deteriorated to the point where federal regulations allowed only 8-mile-per-hour (13 km/h) traffic over the trestle,[30] though engineers were instructed to only go as fast as 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h).[31] The sturdiness of the bridge, specifically the stability of its piers, was a deciding factor when Conrail (then-owner of the Wallkill Valley rail line) closed the Wallkill Valley Railroad in 1977.[30]

Modern use
Hikers on the re-opened trestle

Conrail had begun taking bids on the trestle as early as 1983.[32] An initial offer was made to the town of Rosendale, which refused, unwilling to accept the liability.[33] Conrail sold the bridge, along with 11.5 miles (18.5 km) of the Wallkill Valley rail corridor, in 1986 to a private businessman, John Rahl, for one dollar.[34] Rahl took title of the trestle and corridor on July 11, 1986.[32] Included in Rahl's purchase was a train station in Rosendale's hamlet of Binnewater;[35] the station was a part of the Binnewater Historic District.[36] A Rosendale homeowner association had tried to purchase the properties before Rahl, also for one dollar, but Conrail declined their offer.[33]

Rahl, born around 1948[33] in Washingtonville, was a construction worker[32] and auto mechanic.[33] He lived near the trestle, in a "converted warehouse, whose support beams had once formed the scaffolding for the trestle crews".[32] Rahl's reason for buying the rail line was originally to open a "dining car restaurant" along the corridor,[33] and to establish a tourist railroad from Kingston to the trestle.[9] He claimed the purchase granted him the right to "restore rail service on the whole Wallkill line",[37] and joint ownership of Conrail.[38] Plans to restore service subsequently "didn't pan out".[9] Within one year of the purchase, Rahl sold 11 acres (4.5 ha) of the property to a housing developer.[32] On May 16, 1989, a storm caused such severe damage to the Binnewater station that part of it broke off and fell into the road;[35] the building was subsequently demolished by the town of Rosendale's highway department.[39]

View from the trestle of Joppenbergh Mountain (left), NY 213 (center), and Rondout Creek (right)

Between 1989 and 1991, Rahl installed planking and guard rails on the southern half of the bridge,[40] which was then opened to the public.[34] He allowed bungee jumping off the bridge[37][41] until a January 1992 court order held that it violated zoning laws.[42][43] One person tried to execute a bungee jump off the bridge without a restraining cord.[44] The bridge was slightly damaged by a fire in mid-1999, but it was repaired by September of that year.[45]

Douglas Hase, an entrepreneur who had run bungee-jumping and hot air ballooning companies,[46][47] tried unsuccessfully in 2003 and 2004 to get a variance for another bungee-jumping venture.[40][43][48] During a public hearing about Hase's proposal, a county legislator began screaming to simulate the sound neighbours would hear repetitively when people jumped off the bridge.[42]

After Rahl failed to pay $13,716 in property taxes over a period of three years,[41] Ulster County foreclosed on the entire 63.34-acre (25.63 ha) property on April 15, 2009. The Wallkill Valley Land Trust and Open Space Conservancy offered to purchase the property, and the county authorized the sale in July.[49] The sale was completed in late August 2009.[50] The Land Trust agreed to pay all outstanding taxes before receiving full ownership and adding it to the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail.[51] Ownership of the trestle was transferred to the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail Association.[50]

An engineer from Bergmann Associates surveying the trestle in late 2010

Following an engineering survey by Bergmann Associates[52] – the same firm that inspected the Poughkeepsie Bridge prior to its conversion to a walkway[53] – the bridge was closed to the public in June 2010 for repairs.[54] Renovations were originally expected to cost $750,000 and begin in early 2011, with a 12-month completion time. The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation granted $150,000 toward the renovation.[55] By November 2010, an additional $300,000 had been raised from private donors, and other sources.[56] By the end of 2010, over 10 1⁄2 short tons (9.5 t) of tires were removed from the Rosendale section of the rail trail.[57]

The surface of the walkway was rebuilt with a wood-plastic composite built by a volunteer force.[58] On February 17, 2011,[59] a Bergmann Associates employee used the trestle as a case study in a seminar on adaptive reuse of defunct railroad bridges.[60] By late March 2011, the estimated cost of renovating the trestle had risen to $1.1 million,[61] and the expected time to completion increased to two years.[57]

The northern half of the trestle in 2008, without decking or guard rails

A campaign to raise $500,000 for the renovation began on March 27, 2011;[57] by June 30, about $50,000 had been raised.[62] Two 2009 lawsuits brought by John E. Rahl against the New York Telephone Company over alleged fees due to him for a fiber optic line crossing the trestle were dismissed by two lower courts (in Vermont and New York). On November 18, 2011, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit dismissed Rahl's appeal.[63] As of July 2011, a lawsuit brought by John Rahl over the ownership of the trestle remains pending before the Second Circuit Court. Rahl claimed that he retained ownership of the property because only the state, and not the county, had the right to seize the trestle, which was "forever railroad under 19th century eminent domain legal doctrines – long forgotten by modern jurisprudence".[62] The trestle has been the site of numerous picnics, barbecues, and at least one wedding.[44]

In late June 2012, contractors began welding new railings to the trestle and conducting other preparatory work for opening the walkway.[64] An event at nearby Willow Kiln Park was held on June 29, 2013 to celebrate the grand opening of the trestle to the public.[65] The trestle was fully re-opened to the public for the first time since the rail line closed,[66] and a 24-mile-long (39 km) segment of the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail from Gardiner to Kingston was opened.[67]

See also

Notes
  1. Sources say that trains were running to and from Kingston by October 1872,[3] but that the rail line was not completed to Kingston until that November.[13]

References
  1. Documents of the Senate of the State of New York. 2. Albany, NY: Weed, Parsons and Company. 1885. pp. 319–320.
  2. "Ulster County Non-Motorized Transportation Plan" (PDF). Kingston, NY: Ulster County Transportation Council. December 2008. p. 33. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  3. Mabee 1995, pp. 18–20.
  4. Mabee 1995, p. 38.
  5. Chazin 2001, pp. 289–290.
  6. Mabee 1995, p. 13.
  7. Gilchrist 1976, p. 87.
  8. Best 1972, p. 54.
  9. Penna & Sexton 2002, p. 188.
  10. Gilchrist 1976, p. 88.
  11. "Opening of the Walkill Valley Railroad Bridge" (PDF). The New York Times. April 8, 1872. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  12. "A Bit of Extraordinary Railroad History–The Great Rosendale Bridge of the Wallkill Valley Railroad–Other Railroad Items" (PDF). The New York Times. March 19, 1872. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  13. Best 1972, p. 31.
  14. Sylvester 1880, p. 239.
  15. "Wallkill Valley Railroad". The Commercial and Financial Chronicle. New York, NY: Willian B. Dana & Company. 14: 156. January–June 1872. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
  16. Sylvester 1880, p. 230.
  17. "Testing the Great Bridge". Weekly Freeman. Rondout, NY. April 12, 1872. OCLC 09824069.
  18. Gerstman, Marc (August 14, 1992). "Letter to John Rahl" (PDF). Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
  19. Gilchrist 1976, p. 83.
  20. Fleming, Joseph (January 9, 1942). "Pages Out of the Past". Rosendale News. Rosendale, NY.
  21. Sloan, Allan King. "King Bridges in New York State". Century House Historical Society. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  22. Sloan, Allan King (February 2005). "Working on the Railroad: The Role of the King Bridge Company". King Bridge Company. Archived from the original on September 8, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
  23. "New Paltz Times". New Paltz, NY. September 13, 1895.
  24. "Notes of Various Interests" (PDF). The New York Times. March 12, 1892. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  25. "New Paltz Times". New Paltz, NY. February 14, 1896.
  26. "New Paltz Times". New Paltz, NY. June 5, 1896.
  27. "Another Cave-in at Rosendale" (PDF). The New York Times. December 28, 1899. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  28. Gilchrist 1976, pp. 48, 129.
  29. Mabee 1995, p. 118.
  30. Mabee 1995, pp. 134–135.
  31. Mabee 1995, p. 124.
  32. "Rosendale railroad owner whistles development tune". Daily Freeman. Kingston, NY. March 22, 1987.
  33. Hall, Wayne A. (July 16, 1986). "A dollar a deal: Buyer spends $1 for railbed title". Times Herald-Record. Middletown, NY.
  34. Mabee 1995, p. 144.
  35. Sergeant, Jacqueline (May 18, 1989). "Old depot collapses in storm". Daily Freeman. Kingston, NY.
  36. Larson, Neil G. (September 1982). "Binnewater Historic District". National Register of Historic Places Registration. NYS OPRHP. p. 5. Archived from the original (Java) on October 6, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  37. Mabee 1995, p. 141.
  38. Rahl, John (April 15, 1998). "Re: Finance Docket No. 33388 Joint Ownership of Conrail" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 6, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
  39. Mabee 1995, p. 140.
  40. "Minutes of the April 20, 2004 Meeting". Zoning Board of Appeals Minutes. Town of Rosendale. April 20, 2004. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  41. Bosch, Adam (June 1, 2009). "Wallkill Rail Trail could double in size". Times Herald-Record. Middletown, NY. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
  42. Rowe, Pat (April 21, 2004). "Foes jump all over Rosendale bungee plan". Daily Freeman. Kingston, NY. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
  43. "Minutes of the May 20, 2003 Meeting". Zoning Board of Appeals Minutes. Town of Rosendale. December 16, 2003. Archived from the original on August 22, 2010. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  44. Genero 2005, p. 9.
  45. Brugard, Bond (September 25, 1999). "Bridge repaired just in time". Poughkeepsie Journal. Poughkeepsie, NY.
  46. Zezima, Katie (October 30, 2005). "Carolyn Kaplan and Douglas Hase". The New York Times. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
  47. Kladko, Brian (December 31, 2006). "Balloon operator gets hot over trade secret battle". Boston Business Journal. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
  48. Rowe, Pat (April 16, 2004). "Leap of faith: Bungee jumping may come to Rosendale". Daily Freeman. Kingston, NY. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2010.
  49. "Resolution No. 215 Authorizing The County Commissioner Of Finance To Accept Bids On Parcels Of County Owned Property To Be Used For Public Use And Benefit And Authorizing The Chairman To Convey Property To Open Space Conservancy, Inc., And Wallkill Valley Land Trust, Inc" (PDF). Ulster County. July 22, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 11, 2010. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  50. Rowley, Chris (October 15, 2009). "Wallkill Valley Land Trust: Rail trails, trestle bridges and the Pine Hole Bog". Shawangunk Journal. Ellenville, NY: Electric Valley Media. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  51. "New Addition to the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail". New Paltz, NY: Wallkill Valley Land Trust. August 2009. Archived from the original on July 6, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
  52. "Hanging by a Thread: Engineers Start Inspection on the Railroad Bridge" (Press release). Open Space Institute. November 15, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
  53. DeLony, Eric (December 2, 2008). "Walk back in time". Bridge Design & Engineering. Hemming Information Services (53). Archived from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2010.
  54. Bosch, Adam (June 12, 2010). "Rosendale trestle secton (sic) of Wallkill Rail Trail to be shut down for repairs". Times Herald-Record. Middletown, NY. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
  55. "Walkway Over the Rondout to be restored". Mid-Hudson News Network. Statewide News Network, Inc. November 15, 2010. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  56. Farr, Maria (November 19, 2010). "Work set to preserve historic Rosendale train trestle". Blue Stone Press. Stone Ridge, NY.
  57. Ross, Carrie Jones (March 31, 2011). "Bridging the gaps: Wallkill Valley Rail Trail Association starts raising money to refurbish trestle". New Paltz Times. Kingston, NY: Ulster Publishing. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
  58. Platt, Frances Marion (June 4, 2013). "Renovated Rosendale trestle reopens, reconnecting long-sundered Wallkill Valley Rail Trail". New Paltz Times. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
  59. "The Capital District's Celebration of National Engineers Week 2011" (PDF). Capital District Engineers Week. January 17, 2011. p. 1. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
  60. "2011 E-Week Seminar Descriptions" (PDF). Capital District Engineers Week. January 19, 2011. p. 10. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
  61. "Fundraising effort begins to renovate historic Rosendale Railroad Bridge". Mid-Hudson News Network. Statewide News Network, Inc. March 24, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
  62. Walters, Rob (July 7, 2011). "Rosendale Trestle Wins Matching Funds". Shawangunk Journal. Ellenville, NY: Electric Valley Media LLC. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
  63. John E. Rahl v. New York Telephone Company, Case No. 11-2266
  64. "Railings on the Trestle". Town of Rosendale. June 28, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
  65. "Rosendale Trestle Grand Opening: Connecting Communities". Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  66. "Groups plan rehab of Rosendale rail trestle for hikers". Daily Freeman. Kingston, NY. June 12, 2010. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2010.
  67. "Rosendale trestle closed for improvements". Daily Freeman. Kingston, NY. June 13, 2010. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2010.

Bibliography
  • Best, Gerald M. (1972). The Ulster And Delaware: Railroad Through The Catskills (5th ed.). San Marino, CA: Golden West Books. ISBN 978-0-87095-041-4.
  • Chazin, Daniel D. (2001). New York Walk Book: A Companion to the New Jersey Walk Book (7th ed.). Mahwah, NJ: New York–New Jersey Trail Conference. ISBN 978-1-880775-30-1.
  • Genero, Peter P. (2005). Thank Rosendale: New York – The Empire State. Fort Pierce, FL: Genero Inc. ISBN 978-0-9759419-1-1.
  • Gilchrist, Ann (1976). Footsteps Across Cement: A History of the Township of Rosendale, New York. Woodstock, NY: Lith Art. OCLC 2597851.
  • Mabee, Carleton (1995). Listen to the Whistle: An Anecdotal History of the Wallkill Valley Railroad. Fleishmanns, NY: Purple Mountain Press. ISBN 978-0-935796-69-8.
  • Penna, Craig Della; Sexton, Tom (2002). The Official Rails-to-Trails Conservancy Guidebook. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot Press. ISBN 978-0-7627-0450-7.
  • Sylvester, Nathaniel Bartlett (1880). History of Ulster County, New York, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of its Prominent Men and Pioneers: Part Second: History of the Towns of Ulster County. Philadelphia, PA: Everts & Peck. OCLC 2385957.

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