Richardson Clover

Richardson Clover (July 11, 1846 – October 14, 1919) was an officer of the United States Navy. An 1867 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, he was a noted hydrographer, served as Director of Naval Intelligence, and commanded the gunboat Bancroft during the Spanish–American War. He was socially prominent in Washington, D.C. and served as US Naval Attaché to Great Britain. He commanded the Wisconsin on the Asiatic Station and served as president of the Board of Inspection and Survey. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1907 and retired in 1908.

Richardson Clover
Born	July 11, 1846 Hagerstown, Maryland
Died	October 14, 1919 (aged 73) Wyoming
Place of burial	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	United States Navy
Years of service	1867–1908
Rank	Rear Admiral
Commands held	USC&GS Palinurus USC&GS Carlile P. Patterson Naval Hydrographic Office USS Dolphin Office of Naval Intelligence USS Bancroft USS Wisconsin
Battles/wars	Spanish–American War
Other work	Board on Geographic Names

Biography

Clover was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, son of Lewis Peter Clover and Sarah Ann Ackerman Clover. His father was an artist who later became an Episcopal minister, serving congregations in Virginia, New Jersey, Illinois, and New York. Richardson Clover was appointed to the United States Naval Academy from Missouri in July 1863 and graduated in 1867. His first posting was to the frigate Susquehanna.[1][2]

Clover had a varied career in the service including several hydrographic assignments. He served on the Coast Survey steamer Hassler on the Pacific coast 1874–77, and had a brief assignment to the Naval Hydrographic Office. He was again assigned to the Coast Survey in 1881, first in the Washington office and then commanding the schooner Palinurus surveying Long Island Sound. He supervised construction of the steamer Carlile P. Patterson and became her first commander. Under Clover, the Patterson sailed to California by way of the Straits of Magellan and subsequently made surveys in southeastern Alaska in 1885, covering the north shore of Dixon Entrance (except for Cordova Bay), and Clarence Strait as far north as Union Bay. He remained in charge of the Patterson and the Southeast Alaska survey until he was relieved by A.S Snow in March 1886.[1][3][4][5][6][7][n 1]

Following a year's leave accompanying his marriage, Clover was posted to the torpedo station at Newport and then attended the Naval War College from September 1887 until January 1888. Subsequently, he was posted as navigator on the Pensacola, then as executive officer on the Dolphin from December 1888 to December 1889. During this period Dolphin completed her round-the-world cruise.[1][3]

He returned to the Hydrographic Office in 1889. He became acting hydrographer in September 1890 and was formally appointed hydrographer (i.e. head of the office) in May 1891, accompanying his appointment as lieutenant commander. In 1890 Clover was named by President Benjamin Harrison in Executive Order No. 28 as a member of the newly created Board on Geographic Names, where he served as secretary of the board under Thomas Mendenhall, the first chairman of the Board on Geographic Names. He continued as Hydrographer until 1893.[1][3][11][12][13]

Clover served on the Phythian Board on the reorganization of the Navy. Subsequently, he was posted to the cruiser Chicago, serving as executive officer under Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, author of The Influence of Sea Power upon History. In December 1895, he was appointed to the Board revising Naval Regulations. Subsequently, he commanded the Dolphin in 1896-7.[1][3][14][15]

Richardson Clover residence in Washington, D.C., from an 1897 magazine article

Clover was appointed Chief Intelligence Officer of the Office of Naval Intelligence from November 1897 to May 1898 and then again from October 1898 to February 1900. While on his first term as Chief Intelligence Officer, then-Cmdr. Clover was also member of the War and Strategy Board established by the Secretary of the Navy John D. Long to provide him with operational and strategic advice. Also on that board was Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt. In the period leading up to the Spanish–American War, Clover organized intelligence-gathering efforts to establish the location, condition, and order of battle of the Spanish naval forces. These efforts included espionage as well as the more usual compilation of information from open and diplomatic channels. However, when the war started, Clover left his position to take an active combat position as commanding officer of the gunboat Bancroft from May to September 1898.[1][3][16][17][18]

After his stint on the Bancroft Clover resumed his duties as Chief Intelligence Officer until February 1900, then was reassigned as the Naval Attaché at the U.S. Embassy in London from April 1900 to June 1903 He was promoted to captain on April 11, 1902. After a short hiatus at home he became the commanding officer of the battleship Wisconsin from January 1904 to December 1905, while for most of this time also serving as Chief-of-Staff of the Asiatic Fleet. Then after a one-year hiatus he became a member, then the president of the Board of Inspection and Survey from February 1907 to July 1908, during which he was promoted to rear admiral. He retired on July 11, 1908.[1][3][16][19][20][21]

Clover died on October 14, 1919, aboard a Union Pacific train, west of Cheyenne, Wyoming[22] while en route from San Francisco, California to Washington, D.C.[21] He is buried with his wife in Arlington National Cemetery.

Personal life

Clover was married on 19 May 1886 to Mary Eudora Miller. She was the daughter of Senator John F. Miller from California, the wealthy former head of the Alaska Commercial Company. Clover named Dora Bay, Miller Lake, and Mt. Eudora in Alaska, presumably for her, in 1885.[6][23] The Clovers had two daughters, Beatrice Miller Clover and Mary Eudora Miller Clover. Beatrice married Thomas Holcomb, who served as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps during the early part of World War II.[24] Mary Eudora Miller never married and died October 11, 1954 in San Francisco, Ca.[25]

Namesakes

Clover Bay and Clover Passage in the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, are named for him. Clover Deep, an undersea valley at 37N, 137 W off the coast of California, was named for him in 1895. The name changed to Glover Deep as the result of a transcription error and neither name is in current use.[6][26]

Gallery

• 

Notes

1. Clover has been credited[8] with first use of the term Inside Passage, which he applied to a passage connecting Tongass Narrow and Clarence Strait north of Ketchikan in 1885. That passage is still marked on charts and is the only entry for Inside Passage in the 1906 Geographic Dictionary of Alaska.[6] However, the term was used in the broader sense by the New York Times in 1884, and in government reports back to 1868, so that sense is not derived from Clover's usage.[9][10]

References

1. John Howard Brown, Rossiter Johnson (1904) "Clover, Richardson" The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans unpaged. The Biographical Society
2. Lewis Randolph Hamersly (1894) "Richardson Clover" The Records of Living Officers of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, p. 160. L.R. Hamersly Co.
3. Lewis Randolph Hamersly (1902) "Richardson Clover" The Records of Living Officers of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, p. 143. L.R. Hamersly Co.
4. New York Times January 16, 1884, Page 8. "THE NEW COAST SURVEY STEAMER.; LAUNCH OF A VESSEL FOR THE ALASKAN COAST SURVEY."
5. Through the straits of Magellan on the Patterson NOAA
6. Baker, Marcus (1906) Geographic Dictionary of Alaska, ed 2 United States Geological Survey Bulletin 299
7. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE US COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY SHOWING THE PROGRESS OF THE WORK, Fiscal year 1886 Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887 p 141
8. Chandonnet, Ann and Don Pitcher (2009) Alaska's Inside Passage p10 Compass American Guides, Random House, New York
9. New York Times October 27, 1884, THE WONDERS OF ALASKA, p 2
10. United States. War Dept (1868)Annual report of the Secretary of War, Volume 1, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington, p 43
11. New York Times June 4, 1891 "LIEUT. CLOVER'S PROMOTION"
12. Smithsonian Institution, William Jones Rhees "GEOGRAPHIC NAMES December 23 1891 Senate" The Smithsonian Institution: documents relative to its origin and ..., V 2
13. • New York Times January 4, 1891, P 20 "HOW UNCLE SAM WILL SPELL"
14. New York Times March 24, 1895 Page 2 THE CHICAGO HOME AGAIN; An Eventful Cruise in European Waters by the White Ship
15. New York Times December 12, 1895, P 10 "HERBERT IS DETERMINED; Bureau Chiefs Must Not Assume the Secretary's Duties"
16. Directors of Naval Intelligence Navy Department Library, NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER
17. Members of the Naval War Board NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER
18. Spencer C. Tucker (2009) The Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History, V 1 pp 402, 432. ABC-CLIO ISBN 1-85109-951-4, ISBN 978-1-85109-951-1
19. Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the Navy of the United States 1906, 1908 Government Printing Office, Washington
20. History of the Board of Inspection and Survey Archived 2005-12-16 at the Wayback Machine Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, U.S. Navy
21. New York Times October 16, 1919, P 14 "ADMIRAL CLOVER DIES ON TRAIN IN WYOMING"
22. Associated Press, “Rear Admiral Glover [sic] Dies,” The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, Thursday 16 October 1919, Volume XLVI, Number 46, page 1.
23. Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore (1893) Appletons' Guide-Book to Alaska and the Northwest Coast D. Appleton and Co., New York p 65.
24. Allan Reed Millett (2004) Commandants of the Marine Corps, Naval Institute Press p257 ISBN 0-87021-012-2, ISBN 978-0-87021-012-9.
25. https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/VPFY-Z6N?cc=2015582
26. Undersea Features History Archived 2012-02-11 at the Wayback Machine National Geospatial intelligence Agency

Further reading

• The Rise and Fall of American Naval Intelligence, 1882–1917 Mark Russell Shulman Intelligence and National Security 8 (2) 214–226, 1993. Posted on author's web site.
• Waiting for dead men's shoes: origins and development of the U.S. Navy's officer personnel system, 1793–1941 Donald Chisholm; includes coverage of the Phythian Board of 1891 dealing with imbalances of officer numbers and the Navy career path. Lists Clover as "Richardson Glover". Explains what the Phythian Board was trying to accomplish, and the results of their report.
• Clover's reports – operations of USS Bancroft during Spanish–American War.