Richard Bull (MP)

Richard Bull (1721–1805) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1756 to 1780. He was a noted art collector who lived in a historic house on the Isle of Wight.

Richard Bull and his wife Mary (née Bennett), oil on canvas (detail), by Arthur Devis, c. 1747. Conservation Center, Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, Cc91.70

Origins

Baptised on 15 November 1721 in the church of St Peter le Poer in the City of London, he was the only surviving son of a wealthy businessman Sir John Bull and his second wife Elizabeth Turner,[1] His aunt Elizabeth Bull, wife of Lieutenant-General William Tatton, was the mother of Katharine Tatton, who married Edward Nevill, 15th Baron Bergavenny, and William Nevill, 16th Baron Bergavenny. His younger sister Kitty Bull (1732–1805) married the Reverend Charles Smith, brother of William Smith, Treasurer of the Ordnance.

Life

Admitted to Westminster School in 1735, he started legal training at Lincoln's Inn in 1742 but this was cut short by the death of his father, when he inherited the family home of The White House at Chipping Ongar and land on the Isle of Wight. Instead he entered Trinity Hall, Cambridge in 1743,[2] where he received a classical education, and then in 1747 he married a widow with two children for whom he took responsibility.[3] She was Mary Ash, born 1719 in Ongar, who had been married to Bennet Alexander Bennet, her two children being Richard Henry Alexander Bennet and Levina Bennet, who in 1762 married John Luther, Together they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Catherine, who did not marry.

From 1755 to 1774 he had a London house at 24 Upper Brook Street[4] and thereafter at 10 Stratton Street.[5] In 1783 he took to staying at the mansion of Northcourt Manor at Shorwell on the Isle of Wight, from where his grandfather originated. When his daughter Catherine died in 1795 he bought Northcourt and he and Elizabeth moved there, over the years improving the house, gardens and grounds.[6] Having no son, he endowed his nephew Charles Hewitt Smith (1773–1835) with a large sum, but it was all spent. He died intestate on 12 December 1805,[2] with Elizabeth his heir. When she died in 1809, Northcourt and its contents went to her half-brother Richard and half-sister Levina.

Political career

Through his friend Humphry Morice, in 1756 he was returned unopposed as one of the two MPs for the constituency of Newport, Cornwall, a notorious rotten borough, and held his seat until 1780. Through the Duke of Newcastle he pressed the prime minister Lord Bute for an office in 1761, but was instead granted an annual income of 600 pounds, worth about 83,000 pounds in 2014, out of the Secret Service budget. For the rest of his time in the House of Commons, receiving this retainer each year, he never voted against the government and there is no record of him addressing the assembly. From 1770 to 1774, the other member for his seat was his stepson.[7]

Art collection

A keen collector of prints, drawings and books, one of his major interests was extra-illustration.[8] This is the practice of inserting acquired illustrations, in particular engravings, into an existing book.[5]

Extra-illustration by Richard Bull

Bull extra-illustrated nearly seventy works, including a copy of James Granger's Biographical History of England which he expanded physically and chronologically to thirty-five large folio volumes. Much of the physical work of cutting out and pasting down seems to have been done by his daughters.[9] Bull's extra illustrated Granger is now in the Huntington Library in California. Among the first extra-illustrated books, and certainly the first extra-illustrated Biographical History, Bull's copy is unique in that it is documented by a long series of letters between himself and James Granger. Preserved in Eaton College, the letters tell of Bull's growing knowledge of prints, the history of Britain, and the nature of the print trade in the eighteenth century.[10] Demand for prints to use in extra-illustration drove up prices, for which his friend Horace Walpole blamed him.[11] In fact, his diligent search for and collecting of prints preserved many that would otherwise have been lost.

His library housed about five hundred illustrated volumes, mainly topographical, with about two hundred books printed before 1700 and a few engraved throughout. Both Horace Walpole and Anthony Morris Storer bequeathed books to him, which he had bound in red Morocco of simple design and placed in the library he had fitted in Northcourt.[12] He was a valued client of Edwards, the Halifax bookbinders, who gave his daughter a complimentary prayer book 'as a faint Expression of Gratitude for the Recommendations and other Favours'.[13]

An obituary recorded that: 'He early evinced an enthusiasm for the arts particularly that of engraving, which with much study he cultivated into a refined knowledge almost exclusively his own ... Through the greatest part of the century this venerable man ... continued his favourite pursuit and ... has erected for himself a monument of taste'.[14] His collection was auctioned at Sotheby's in 1881, the sale lasting six days.[15]

Portraits

Two portraits by Arthur Devis show Richard Bull. One is a conversation piece of the newly married Richard and Mary, painted in 1747[16] while a later one shows the couple with her two children Richard and Levina.

References
  1. "England Births and Christenings, 1538–1975" database FamilySearch https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JS1T-HYB Richard Bull, 15 November 1721; Saint Peter-Le-Poer, London, England, reference; FHL microfilm 374,993. Accessed 15 December 2015
  2. <George Fisher Russell Barker, Alan Herbert Stenning (1928). The Record of Old Westminsters: A Biographical List of All Those who are Known to Have Been Educated at Westminster School from the Earliest Times to 1927, Volume 1, p. 138
  3. Marriage licence dated 29 April 1747 viewable at Ancestry.com. London and Surrey, England, Marriage Bonds and Allegations, 1597–1921 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, US http://interactive.ancestry.co.uk/ (subscription required) Accessed 15 December 2015
  4. 'Upper Brook Street: North Side', in Survey of London: Volume 40, the Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair, Part 2 (The Buildings), ed. F H W Sheppard (London, 1980), pp. 200–210 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol40/pt2/pp200-210 Accessed 14 December 2015
  5. R. Paul Evans, 1998 'Richard Bull and Thomas Pennant: Virtuosi in the Art of Grangerisation or Extra-Illustration', Cylchgrawn Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru/The National Library of Wales Journal, vol. VIII, no. 3 (Summer 1998), pp. 269–294 http://welshjournals.llgc.org.uk/ Accessed 15 December 2015
  6. Northcourt http://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1001666 Accessed 15 December 2015
  7. Namier, Sir Lewis, http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/member/bull-richard-1725-1805 retrieved 7 October 2015
  8. Lucy Peltz, Facing the Text: Extra-Illustration, Print Culture, and Society in Britain, 1769-1840 (San Marino, California: Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, 2017) ISBN 978-0-87328-261-1 Distributed in the UK by Manchester University Press. .
  9. Lucy Peltz, Facing the Text: Extra-Illustration, Print Culture, and Society in Britain, 1769-1840 (San Marino, California: Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, 2017), pp. 63-76. ISBN 978-0-87328-261-1 Distributed in the UK by Manchester University Press. .
  10. The texts of the letters are given entire in Lucy Peltz, "Engraved Portrait Heads and the Rise of Extra-Illustration: The Eton Correspondence of the Revd James Granger and Richard Bull, 1769–1774," Walpole Society, 66 (2004), pp. 1–161.
  11. Grangerization http://sutherland.ashmolean.museum/Grangerization.shtml Accessed 8 October 2015
  12. John M. Pinkerton. 'Richard Bull of Ongar, Essex', The Book Collector, Vol. 27, No. 1, Spring, 1978, pp. 41–70, cited at http://www.marlboroughbooks.com/catalogues/pdfs/MRB_Catalogue_53.pdf Accessed 15 December 2015
  13. P.J.M. Marks. 'The Edwards of Halifax Bindery' http://www.bl.uk/eblj/1998articles/pdf/article13.pdf Accessed 15 December 2015
  14. The Gentleman’s Magazine, 1806, p. 289 https://books.google.co.uk/books Accessed 15 December 2015
  15. British Museum https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?bioId=130690 Accessed 15 December 2015
  16. Baetjer, Katharine & Dobkin, Josephine. 2010, The Metropolitan Museum Journal, v45 http://www.metmuseum.org/resources.metmuseum.org/.../Mr_Devis_and_Mr_Bull. Accessed 7 October 2015
Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by
Edward Bacon
John Lee		 Member of Parliament for Newport, Cornwall
1756–80
With: John Lee 1756–61
William de Grey 1761–70
Richard Henry Alexander Bennet 1770 – October 1774
Humphry Morice October 1774 – December 1774
John Frederick December 1774 – 1780		 Succeeded by
Viscount Maitland
John Coghill
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