Rice Creek (Mississippi River tributary)

Rice Creek is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the northern suburbs of the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area of Minnesota in the United States. It is approximately 28 miles (45 km) long and drains a watershed of 201 square miles (520 km2).[1]

Rice Creek
Rice Creek in Fridley
Location
CountryUnited States
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationClear Lake, Forest Lake, Minnesota
 • elevation890 ft (270 m)
Mouth 
 • location
Mississippi River, Fridley, Minnesota
 • elevation
806 ft (246 m)
Length28 mi (45 km)
Basin size201 sq mi (520 km2)

Course

Rice Creek has its source at Clear Lake in the city of Forest Lake in Washington County and flows generally southwestwardly through Anoka and Ramsey Counties, through the cities of Columbus, Lino Lakes, Circle Pines, Shoreview, Arden Hills, Mounds View, New Brighton and Fridley.[1][2] It joins the Mississippi River at Manomin County Park in Fridley,[3] about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of the I-694 Bridge.[1] The creek drops about 84 feet (26 m) along its course, from its source elevation of 890 feet (271 m) to its mouth at 806 feet (246 m), with most of the drop (64 ft/20 m) occurring in the 8 miles (13 km) upstream of its mouth; a lowland floodplain adjoins the stream in this reach.[1]

In Anoka County, Rice Creek passes through an extensive network of lakes known as the Lino Lakes Chain of Lakes,[1] a portion of which is preserved in the Rice Creek Chain of Lakes Regional Park Reserve,[4] a regional park maintained by the government of Anoka County. In New Brighton, the creek passes through Long Lake,[2] which is bordered by Long Lake Regional Park, maintained by Ramsey County.[5] In Fridley, the lower course of creek is roughly paralleled by the Rice Creek West Regional Trail, a biking and hiking trail.[6]

Rice Creek's principal tributaries are Hardwood Creek,[7] which drains an area of 44 square miles (110 km2) in the cities of Hugo, Forest Lake, and Lino Lakes;[2] and Clearwater Creek,[8] 8.33 miles (13.4 km) long, which drains an area of 62 square miles (160 km2) in White Bear Lake, White Bear Township, Hugo, Lino Lakes, and Centerville.[2] Both tributaries join Rice Creek in Anoka County as part of the chain of lakes.[2]

History

According to the Minnesota Historical Society, Rice Creek was named for Henry Mower Rice, one of the first pair of U.S. Senators sent to represent Minnesota upon its statehood, who acquired extensive lands near the lower course of the creek in 1849,[9][10] though Edmund Rice describes Rice Brook in St. Paul as the "Rice Creek" named after his brother Henry Mower Rice.[11] Rice Creek was known in Dakota as "Psin ta wak pa dan" or Psiŋta wakpadaŋ, meaning "Wild Rice Rivulet".[12] Early surveys conducted by Joseph Nicollet record the name of Rice Creek as "Ottonwey River" or Atoonowe-ziibi in the Ojibwe language meaning "River for making Canoes." [13] However, its Ojibwe language name has also been recorded as "Manominikan Sibi" or Manoominikaan-ziibi, meaning "river full of wild rice,"[14][15] which is known to have grown plentifully in the lakes of the watershed.[1] Nicollet described the creek as: "At 2:45, as we left the islands behind, a rivulet about thirty feet wide entered the river from the left. Its shores are adorned with beautiful white lilies. Chagobay told me that it winds back to the vicinity of the Falls of the St. Croix River, being separated from the latter by only a short portage. Its course links several lakes, while irrigating a land abundant with wild rice where the Sioux gather their yearly provisions. The Sioux call it in their language Wild Rice River, and the Chippewa Manominikan Sibi, which means river where one reaps wild rice."[15] "Manomin" (wild rice) was also the basis for the naming of the former Manomin County, which later was incorporated into Anoka County and ultimately became, in part, the city of Fridley, where the creek joins the Mississippi River.[9]

Archaeological evidence exists that suggests ancestors of the Sioux hunted and fished in the vicinity of Bald Eagle Lake (approximately present-day White Bear Township) in the Rice Creek watershed, and had a summer village in the present-day city of Centerville as early as 2000 B.C.[1]

A series of burial mounds (one linear and twelve conical) on the north side of Centerville Lake along the creek's course through Centerville are believed to have been built by people of the Mississippian culture who arrived in the area around the year 1400.[1][16]

Watershed
Rice Creek in Fridley

The Rice Creek watershed drains portions of Anoka, Hennepin, Ramsey, and Washington Counties:[1]

The watershed occupies portions of the following jurisdictions:[17]

About 10 percent, or approximately 19 mi² (49 km²), of the watershed's surface area is occupied by lakes, the largest of which are White Bear Lake at 2,140 acres (8.7 km2); and Bald Eagle Lake at 1,046 acres (4.23 km2). Twenty-eight lakes in the watershed exceed 100 acres (0.40 km2) in size. About 13 percent, or approximately 26 mi² (67 km²), of the watershed consists of wetlands.[1]

The Rice Creek Watershed District was established in 1972[1] to "conserve and restore the water resources of the District for the beneficial use of current and future generations."[18] It is a governmental organization managed by a Board of Managers appointed by the county commissions of Anoka, Ramsey, and Washington Counties.[19]

See also
  • List of Minnesota rivers

References
  1. Rice Creek Watershed District. Overall Plan, Rice Creek Watershed District. "Prescribed by Minnesota Water Resources Board, December 1975."
  2. King's Twin Cities Metro Street Atlas '04. Minneapolis: The Lawrence Group. 2004. ISBN 1-58301-215-X.
  3. Anoka County Department of Parks and Recreation: Manomin County Park Archived 2006-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Anoka County Department of Parks and Recreation: Rice Creek Chain of Lakes Regional Park Reserve Archived 2006-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Ramsey County, Minnesota: Long Lake Regional Park map Archived 2007-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Anoka County Department of Parks and Recreation: Locke County Park and Rice Creek West Regional Trail
  7. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Hardwood Creek
  8. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Clearwater Creek
  9. Minnesota Historical Society. Minnesota Place Names. Anoka County: Rice Creek. Retrieved on December 6, 2006.
  10. Minnesota Historical Society. Minnesota Place Names. Ramsey County: Rice Creek. Retrieved on December 6, 2006.
  11. Capitol Region Water District 2010 Watershed Management Plan – 9/1/2010. Retrieved on March 31, 2014.
  12. Gordon, Hanford L. (1881) Legends of the Northwest. p. 58.
  13. Nicollet, Joseph Nicolas and J. C. Fremont. Report intended to illustrate a map of the Upper Mississippi River. Washington, DC: Blair and Rives, 1843.
  14. Durand, Paul C., and Robin Siev Durand. Where the Waters Gather and the Rivers Meet: An Atlas of the Eastern Sioux. Published by the author. Prior Lake, MN: 1994.
  15. Nicollet, Joseph N. Journals of Joseph N. Nicollet St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, reprint 2004. ISBN 0-87351-493-9
  16. Koenen, Bruce. Archaeology in Minnesota: 2001 Project Report Summaries. Archived 2006-09-26 at the Wayback Machine Office of the State Archaeologist. St. Paul: September 2002.
  17. Rice Creek Watershed District: District Map Archived 2006-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
  18. Rice Creek Watershed District: About the Rice Creek Watershed District
  19. Rice Creek Watershed District: Board of Managers

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