Rhinella scitula

Rhinella scitula is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the southwestern Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and in the adjacent southeastern Paraguay (Amambay and Concepción Departments).[2][4]

Rhinella scitula
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Rhinella
Species:
R. scitula
Binomial name
Rhinella scitula
(Caramaschi and Niemeyer, 2003)
Synonyms[2]

Bufo scitulus Caramaschi and Niemeyer, 2003[3]

Description

Males measure 33–46 mm (1.3–1.8 in) and females 46–51 mm (1.8–2.0 in) in snout–vent length.[3][4] The species has a robust appearance. The snout is rounded with a small apical apophysis in dorsal view and sub-acuminate in lateral profile. The coloration is variable. The dorsum is generally light brown to dark brown. Light-colored individuals have no pattern or have a cream vertebral line. Darker specimens have a broadish, light brown vertebral stripe. There is a black, triangular inter-ocular spot facing backward, as well as an oblong dorsal blackish spot that connects to another black spot near the urostyle. The belly is light creamy, marbled with light gray.[3]

Habitat and conservation

Rhinella scitula is associated with seasonal forests and mountainous landscapes at elevations between 100–700 m (330–2,300 ft) above sea level.[2][4] Breeding takes place in small pools in slow-flowing streams[1] after rainfalls and is of explosive type. Males call mainly during twilight.[3][4] The species is abundant in seasonal forest areas with rocky outcrops.[4] As of 2004, no threats to this then recently described species had been identified.[1]

References
  1. Caramaschi, U. (2004). "Rhinella scitula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54756A11200283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54756A11200283.en.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Rhinella scitula (Caramaschi and Niemeyer, 2003)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  3. Caramaschi, U.; de Niemeyer, H. (2003). "Nova espécie do complexo de Bufo margaritifer (Laurenti, 1768) do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)" [A new species of the Bufo margaritifer (Laurenti, 1768) complex from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)]. Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova Serie, Zoologia. Rio de Janeiro. 501: 1–16.
  4. Sugai, José Luiz Massao Moreira; Souza, Franco Leandro; Filho, Paulo Landgref; Sczesny-Moraes, Eurico Antonio (2014). "Rhinella scitula (Caramaschi & Niemeyer, 2003) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae): New distribution records" (PDF). Check List. 10 (3): 694–696. doi:10.15560/10.3.694.
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