Rhaponticum scariosum

Rhaponticum scariosum, common name Giant Scabiosa, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant of the genus Rhaponticum of the family Asteraceae.

Rhaponticum scariosum
Flower of Rhaponticum scariosum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Rhaponticum
Species:
R. scariosum
Binomial name
Rhaponticum scariosum
Lam.

Description

The biological form of Rhaponticum scariosum is hemicryptophyte scapose,[1] as its overwintering buds are situated just below the soil surface and the floral axis is more or less erect with a few leaves.

Rhaponticum scariosum reaches on average 30–150 centimetres (12–59 in) in height.[1] The strong, thick, upright stem is leafy and hairy, woolly-tomentose and usually has only one inflorescence. The leaves are green, while its underside is white-tomentose,[1] with irregularly toothed edges. The basal leaves are heart-shaped and petiolated, about 30–40 centimetres (12–16 in) long, the upper leaves are smaller, lanceolate, about 10–22 centimetres (3.9–8.7 in) long.[1] The flower heads are pink to purple, spherical and very large (about 6–7 centimetres (2.4–2.8 in) in diameter).[1] The bracts are brownish and scarious. The flowering period extends from June to August.The flowers are hermaphroditic and are pollinated by insects. The fruits are brown achenes.

Distribution

This quite rare plant occurs in Italy, France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia.

Habitat

It grows in sub-alpine and alpine meadows, stony slopes and thickets. This plant prefers slightly moist and mostly calcareous soils, at altitudes from 750 to 2500 meters.[1]

  • Plant of Rhaponticum scariosum
  • Rhaponticum scariosum ssp rhaponticum
  • Leaves of Rhaponticum scariosum

Synonyms
  • Centaurea rhapontica L., Sp. Pl. 2: 915. 1753.
  • Centaurea scariosa (Lam.) Rouy, Fl. France 9: 114. 1905.
  • Leuzea rhapontica (L.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. (Praha) 8:392. 1973.
  • Rhapontica rhapontica Hill, Hort. Kew. 69. 1768, nom. illeg.
  • Rhaponticum rhaponticum (L.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 554. 1894, nom. illeg.
  • Serratula rhapontica (L.) DC., Fl. Franc. (Candolle & Lamarck), ed. 3. 4: 87. 1805.
  • Stemmacantha rhapontica (L.) Dittrich, Candollea 39(1): 49. 1984.
  • Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. lamarckii (Dittrich) Greuter, Willdenowia 33(1): 61. 2003.
  • Stemmacantha rhapontica subsp. lamarckii Dittrich, Candollea 39: 49. 1984, nom. illeg.[2][3]

References
  1. Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982. Vol. III, pag. 173
  2. Synonyms in Compositae
  3. Synonyms in Wikispecies
  • Josef Holub - Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Leuzea DC. and Rhaponticum auct - Folia Geobotanica - Vol. 1 / 1966 - Vol. 46 / 2011
  • Leuzea rhapontica
  • Hidalgo, O & al. 2006. Phylogeny of Rhaponticum (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequence Data
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