Result type

In functional programming, a result type is a Monadic type holding a returned value or an error code. They provide an elegant way of handling errors, without resorting to exception handling; when a function that may fail returns a result type, the programmer is forced to consider success or failure paths, before getting access to the expected result; this eliminates the possibility of an erroneous programmer assumption.

Examples
  • In Elm, it is defined by the standard library as type Result e v = Ok v | Err e.[1]
  • In Haskell, by convention the Either type is used for this purpose, which is defined by the standard library as data Either a b = Left a | Right b.[2]
  • In OCaml, it is defined by the standard library as type ('a, 'b) result = Ok of 'a | Error of 'b type.[3]
  • In Rust, it is defined by the standard library as enum Result<T, E> { Ok(T), Err(E)}.[4]
  • In Scala, the standard library also defines an Either type,[5] however Scala also has more conventional exception handling.
  • In Swift, it is defined by the standard library as @frozen enum Result<Success, Failure> where Failure : Error.[6]

See also

References
  1. "Result · An Introduction to Elm". guide.elm-lang.org.
  2. "Data.Either". hackage.haskell.org.
  3. "Error Handling – OCaml". ocaml.org.
  4. "std::result - Rust". doc.rust-lang.org.
  5. "Scala Standard Library 2.13.3 - scala.util.Either". www.scala-lang.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  6. "Apple Developer Documentation". developer.apple.com.
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