Research I university

Research I university is a category that the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education uses to indicate universities in the United States that engage in the highest levels of research activity.

History

The 1994 edition of the Carnegie Classification defined Research I universities as those that:

  • Offer a full range of baccalaureate programs
  • Are committed to graduate education through the doctorate
  • Give high priority to research
  • Award 50 or more doctoral degrees each year
  • Receive annually $40 million or more in federal support[1]

The Carnegie Foundation reported that 59 institutions met these criteria in 1994.[2]

In their interim 2000 edition of the classification, the Carnegie Foundation renamed the category to Doctoral/research universities-extensive in order to avoid the inference that the categories signify quality differences."[3] The foundation replaced their single classification system with a multiple classification system in their 2005 comprehensive overhaul of the classification framework [3][4] so that the term "Research I university" was no longer valid, though many universities continued to use it.

In 2015, the Carnegie Classification System reinstated the "Research I university" designations along with "Research II" and "Research III." The current system, introduced in 2018, includes the following three categories for doctoral universities:[5]

  • R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity
  • R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity
  • D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities

In the 2018 classification, institutions were classified as either R1 or R2 if they "conferred at least 20 research/scholarship doctorates in 2016-17 and reported at least $5 million in total research expenditures."[5] A "research activity index" was then calculated that included the following measures:

  • Research & development (R&D) expenditures in science and engineering (S&E)
  • R&D expenditures in non-S&E fields
  • S&E research staff (postdoctoral appointees and other non-faculty research staff with doctorates)
  • Doctoral conferrals in humanities, social science, STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields, and in other fields (e.g., business, education, public policy, social work)

These four measures were combined using principal component analysis to create two indices of research activity, one representing an aggregate level of research activity and the other representing per-capita research activity. Institutions that were high on both indices were classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity."[5]

Institutions

There are 131 institutions that are classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.[6]

These universities have a very high level of both research activity and per capita in such research activity, using aggregate data to determine both measurements. These two classifications can be seen as the aggregate supply and aggregate demand of research, respectively.[7]

Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity
Institution Control City State
Arizona State UniversityPublicTempeAZ
Auburn UniversityPublicAuburnAL
Binghamton UniversityPublicVestalNY
Boston CollegePrivate (Non-profit)Chestnut HillMA
Boston UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)BostonMA
Brandeis UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)WalthamMA
Brown UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)ProvidenceRI
California Institute of TechnologyPrivate (Non-profit)PasadenaCA
Carnegie Mellon UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)PittsburghPA
Case Western Reserve UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)ClevelandOH
Clemson UniversityPublicClemsonSC
Colorado State UniversityPublicFort CollinsCO
Columbia UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)New YorkNY
Cornell UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)IthacaNY
Dartmouth CollegePrivate (Non-profit)HanoverNH
Drexel UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)PhiladelphiaPA
Duke UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)DurhamNC
Emory UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)AtlantaGA
Florida International UniversityPublicMiamiFL
Florida State UniversityPublicTallahasseeFL
George Mason UniversityPublicFairfaxVA
George Washington UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)WashingtonDC
Georgetown UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)WashingtonDC
Georgia Institute of TechnologyPublicAtlantaGA
Georgia State UniversityPublicAtlantaGA
Graduate Center, CUNYPublicNew YorkNY
Harvard UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)CambridgeMA
Indiana University BloomingtonPublicBloomingtonIN
Iowa State UniversityPublicAmesIA
Johns Hopkins UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)BaltimoreMD
Kansas State UniversityPublicManhattanKS
Louisiana State UniversityPublicBaton RougeLA
Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPrivate (Non-profit)CambridgeMA
Michigan State UniversityPublicEast LansingMI
Mississippi State UniversityPublicMississippi StateMS
Montana State UniversityPublicBozemanMT
New Jersey Institute of TechnologyPublicNewarkNJ
New York UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)New YorkNY
North Carolina State UniversityPublicRaleighNC
Northeastern UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)BostonMA
Northwestern UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)EvanstonIL
Ohio State UniversityPublicColumbusOH
Oklahoma State University–StillwaterPublicStillwaterOK
Oregon State UniversityPublicCorvallisOR
Pennsylvania State UniversityPublicUniversity ParkPA
Princeton UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)PrincetonNJ
Purdue UniversityPublicWest LafayetteIN
Rensselaer Polytechnic InstitutePrivate (Non-profit)TroyNY
Rice UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)HoustonTX
Rutgers University–New BrunswickPublicNew BrunswickNJ
Stanford UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)StanfordCA
Stony Brook UniversityPublicStony BrookNY
Syracuse UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)SyracuseNY
Temple UniversityPublicPhiladelphiaPA
Texas A&M UniversityPublicCollege StationTX
Texas Tech UniversityPublicLubbockTX
Tufts UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)MedfordMA
Tulane UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)New OrleansLA
University at Albany, SUNYPublicAlbanyNY
University at BuffaloPublicBuffaloNY
University of AlabamaPublicTuscaloosaAL
University of Alabama at BirminghamPublicBirminghamAL
University of ArizonaPublicTucsonAZ
University of ArkansasPublicFayettevilleAR
University of California, BerkeleyPublicBerkeleyCA
University of California, DavisPublicDavisCA
University of California, IrvinePublicIrvineCA
University of California, Los AngelesPublicLos AngelesCA
University of California, RiversidePublicRiversideCA
University of California, San DiegoPublicSan DiegoCA
University of California, Santa BarbaraPublicSanta BarbaraCA
University of California, Santa CruzPublicSanta CruzCA
University of Central FloridaPublicOrlandoFL
University of ChicagoPrivate (Non-profit)ChicagoIL
University of CincinnatiPublicCincinnatiOH
University of Colorado BoulderPublicBoulderCO
University of Colorado DenverPublicDenverCO
University of ConnecticutPublicStorrsCT
University of DelawarePublicNewarkDE
University of FloridaPublicGainesvilleFL
University of GeorgiaPublicAthensGA
University of Hawaii at ManoaPublicHonoluluHI
University of HoustonPublicHoustonTX
University of Illinois at ChicagoPublicChicagoIL
University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignPublicChampaignIL
University of IowaPublicIowa CityIA
University of KansasPublicLawrenceKS
University of KentuckyPublicLexingtonKY
University of LouisvillePublicLouisvilleKY
University of Maryland, College ParkPublicCollege ParkMD
University of Massachusetts AmherstPublicAmherstMA
University of MiamiPrivate (Non-profit)Coral GablesFL
University of MichiganPublicAnn ArborMI
University of MinnesotaPublicMinneapolisMN
University of MississippiPublicOxfordMS
University of MissouriPublicColumbiaMO
University of Nebraska–LincolnPublicLincolnNE
University of Nevada, Las VegasPublicLas VegasNV
University of Nevada, RenoPublicRenoNV
University of New HampshirePublicDurhamNH
University of New MexicoPublicAlbuquerqueNM
University of North Carolina at Chapel HillPublicChapel HillNC
University of North TexasPublicDentonTX
University of Notre DamePrivate (Non-profit)Notre DameIN
University of OklahomaPublicNormanOK
University of OregonPublicEugeneOR
University of PennsylvaniaPrivate (Non-profit)PhiladelphiaPA
University of PittsburghPublicPittsburghPA
University of RochesterPrivate (Non-profit)RochesterNY
University of South CarolinaPublicColumbiaSC
University of South FloridaPublicTampaFL
University of Southern CaliforniaPrivate (Non-profit)Los AngelesCA
University of Southern MississippiPublicHattiesburgMS
University of TennesseePublicKnoxvilleTN
University of Texas at ArlingtonPublicArlingtonTX
University of Texas at AustinPublicAustinTX
University of Texas at DallasPublicRichardsonTX
University of Texas at El PasoPublicEl PasoTX
University of UtahPublicSalt Lake CityUT
University of VirginiaPublicCharlottesvilleVA
University of WashingtonPublicSeattleWA
University of Wisconsin–MadisonPublicMadisonWI
University of Wisconsin–MilwaukeePublicMilwaukeeWI
Vanderbilt UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)NashvilleTN
Virginia Commonwealth UniversityPublicRichmondVA
Virginia TechPublicBlacksburgVA
Washington State UniversityPublicPullmanWA
Washington University in St. LouisPrivate (Non-profit)Saint LouisMO
Wayne State UniversityPublicDetroitMI
West Virginia UniversityPublicMorgantownWV
Yale UniversityPrivate (Non-profit)New HavenCT

Map of institutions

UALB
AU
Bama
UArk
ASU
UArizona
UCD
Cal
Stanford
UCSC
UCSB
UCLA/USC
UCI
CalTech
UCR
UCSD
CSU
CU Boulder
CU Denver
UConn
Yale
GW/Gtwn.
UD
FIU
FSU
UF
UCF
USF
Miami
Emory/GA Tech/GSU
UGA
NU
UChicago/UIC
UIUC
IU
Purdue
ND
UIowa
ISU
KU
KSU
UK
UofL
LSU
Tulane
JHU
UMD
UMass
BC/BU/Brd/Hvd/MIT/NEU/Tfts
WSU
UMich
MI SU
UMN
MU
WUSTL
OleMiss
USM
MS SU
MT SU
UNL
UNR
UNLV
Dartmouth
UNH
Rutgers
Princeton
NJIT
UNM
UB
Bing.
SUNY
SBU
Syr.
Cor.
UR
Clmb./CUNY/NYU
UNC
NCSU
Duke
OH SU
UC
CWRU
OU
OK SU
UO
OR SU
Drxl/Penn/Tmpl
CMU/Pitt
PSU
Brown
USC
Clemson
UTK
Vandy
Rice
UT
TAMU
UNT
TTU
UH
UTA
UTD
UTEP
UU
UVA
VT
VCU
GMU
UW
WSU
UWMad
UWMil
WVU
A map of all tier one research universities in the contiguous United States. The University of Hawaii at Manoa is the only R1 institution that is not pictured. Blue dots represent public institutions whereas red dots represent private institutions.

References

  1. University of Washington. "Carnegie Research I Universities". Retrieved 2009-03-18.
  2. David Weerts, State Governments and Research Universities: A Framework for a Renewed Partnership. New York: Routledge, 2002, p. 26.
  3. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. "Carnegie Classifications FAQs". Archived from the original on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
  4. Educause. "Appendix E: Carnegie Classification (2000) Definitions" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
  5. "Basic Classification Description". Center for Postsecondary Research. 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  6. "Doctoral Universities: Highest Research Activity". Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  7. "Basic Classification Methodology". Carnegie Classifications. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
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