Ralph Roister Doister

Ralph Roister Doister is a sixteenth-century play by Nicholas Udall, which was once regarded as the first comedy to be written in the English language.[1]

Ralph Roister Doister
Written byNicholas Udall
CharactersRalph Roister Doister; Matthew Merrygreeke; Dobinet Doughty; Harpax; Christian Custance; Madge Mumblecrust; Tibet Talkapace; Annot Alyface; Trupenny; Gawyn Goodluck; Tristram Trustie; Sym Suresby; Scrivener
Date premiered1550s
Place premieredLondon
Original languageEnglish
GenreComedy
SettingLondon

The date of its composition is disputed, but the balance of opinion suggests that it was written in about 1552, when Udall was a schoolmaster in London, and some theorize the play was intended for public performance by his pupils—who were all male, as were most actors in that period. The work was not published until 1567, eleven years after its author's death.

Sources

Roister Doister seems to have been inspired by the works of Plautus and Terence. The titular character is a variation on the "Braggart Soldier" archetype, but with the innovation of a parasitic tempter which stems from the morality play tradition.[2] By combining the structures, conventions, and styles of the ancient Greek and Roman comedies with English theatrical traditions and social types (especially the relatively new and burgeoning English middle classes), Udall was able to establish a new form of English comedy, leading directly through to Shakespeare and beyond.[3] The play blends the stock plot-elements and stock characters of the ancient Greek and Roman theatre with those of chivalric literature and the English mediaeval theatre.[4]

Plot

The play is written in five acts. The plot of the play centres on a rich widow, Christian Custance, who is betrothed to Gawyn Goodluck, a merchant. Ralph Roister Doister is encouraged throughout by a con-man trickster figure (Matthew Merrygreeke) to woo Christian Custance, but his pompous attempts do not succeed. Ralph then tries with his friends and servants (at Merrygreek's behest) to break in and take Christian Custance by force, but they are defeated by her maids and run away. The merchant Gawyn arrives shortly after and the play concludes happily with reconciliation, a prayer and a song.

Characters
  • Ralph Roister Doister
  • Mathew Merygreeke
  • Gawyn Goodluck, affianced to Dame Custance
  • Tristram Trustie, his friend
  • Dobinet Doughtie, servant to Roister Doister
  • Tom Trupenie, servant to Dame Custance
  • Sym Suresby, servant to Goodluck
  • Scriuener
  • Harpax, servant to Roister Doister
  • Dame Christian Custance, a widow
  • Margerie Mumblecrust, her nurse
  • Tibet Talkapace, her maid
  • Annot Alyface, her maid

Performance history

A generally accepted theory is that Udall first wrote the play for public performance by boys at the London school where he was master, though no recorded historical afterlife for the play in performance exists.[5] Though amateur and student groups have presented readings and edited stagings sporadically throughout the 20th century (specifically a 1953 presentation by Oxford University students at the Edinburgh festival), and three heavily edited adaptations of the play appeared (in the 1930s, 1960s, and 1980s), it did not have a full professional revival until 2015, when Brice Stratford directed an uncut production under original performance conditions for the Owle Schreame theatre company, also playing the title character.[6]

References
  1. O'Brien (2004). As Glynne Wickham has shown, there is a rich tradition of medieval comic drama before this play, the earliest of which to survive is the secular farce The Interlude of the Student and the Girl (c. 1300); see Wickham (1976, 195–203) and (1981, 173–218).
  2. Hinton (1913).
  3. Chislett (1914, 166–167).
  4. Plumstead (1963).
  5. Norland (1995).
  6. Hartley (1954), Partridge (2015).

Sources
  • Chislett, William, Jr. 1914. "The Sources of Ralph Roister Doister." Modern Language Notes 29:6 (June): 166-167.
  • Hartley, Anthony. 1954. The Spectator Performing Arts section, 3 September 1954: 10. Web.
  • Hinton, James. 1913. "The Source of Ralph Roister Doister." Modern Philology 11:2 (Oct.): 273-278.
  • Norland, Howard B. 1995. Drama in Early Tudor Britain, 1485-1558. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • O'Brien, Angela. 2004. Ralph Roister Doister: The First Regular English Comedy.
  • Partridge, Matthew. 2015. "Review: Ralph Roister Doister." Remotegoat, 25 February 2015. Web. Review: Ralph Roister Doister ****
  • Plumstead, A. W. 1963. "Satirical Parody in Roister Doister: A Reinterpretation." Studies in Philology 60:2 (April): 141-154.
  • Wickham, Glynne, ed. 1976. English Moral Interludes. London: Dent. ISBN 0-874-71766-3.
  • Wickham, Glynne. 1981. Early English Stages: 1300—1660. Vol. 3. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-710-00218-1.
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