Quinto Real (place)

Quinto Real (French: Pays Quint, Basque: Kintoa) is a condominium on the border between France and Spain in the Pyrenees mountains, in northeastern Navarre.[1][2][3]

Toponymy

For the archivist Paul Raymond, the name of Pays Quint comes from gleaning rights, called in the region droits du quint, given by Charles III of Navarre to the barons of Espelette; the holder of these rights had the right to claim one fifth of any cargo passing through these roads.[4][2]

History

This place was originally held in indivision by several villages, and no one could establish himself permanently.

Since the migration of cadets, deprived of any right to heirship by primogeniture, in this desert place, and the division of Navarre into Spanish and French parts, this area was the object of disputes between French shepherds from Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry and Spanish shepherds from Erro, and several measures which aimed to reduce these conflicts failed, such as a royal order on 1614 and the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees. The end of indivision was decided on 1785 which caused further troubles.

On 1856, the borders between France and Spain was settled by the Treaty of Bayonne in order to reduce such conflicts; among these clauses, the Quinto Real was divided in two, with the South becoming whooly Spanish and France retaining rights of use on some pastures in the areaNorthern area.[5]

Economy

As of 2011, there is eight houses in which live around thirty persons. The economy is mainly based on the extensive raising of pigs[2]

The area is part of Spain but is administered by France; the inhabitants are French citizens by default but have the right to dual citizenship. Moreover, France pays a rent to Spain for the use of pastures in this area.[6][7]

As a result of the fact Spain has the ownership of the soil, taxation is affected and divided, with taxation on the soil paid to Spain while other taxes are paid to France.[8] The Guardia Civil maintain order while utilities are furnished by France: La Poste distributes the mail and EDF electricity. The inhabitants are French citizens, being schooled in France and formerly being conscripted into the French military.[2]

Each May, cattle going to the Quinto Real are marked with a special symbol and their owner have to pay €71 by head (2011 costs) to the Erro valley.

See also

References
  1. "Le pays Quint | Etonnantes Pyrénées" (in French). Retrieved 2020-10-19.
  2. Etcheleku, Pierre (2011-07-28). "Kintoa, indivision franco-ibérique". Les Echos (in French). Retrieved 2020-10-19.
  3. Viers, Georges (1951). "Le Pays des Aldudes". Revue géographique des Pyrénées et du Sud-Ouest. Sud-Ouest Européen. 22 (4): 260–284. doi:10.3406/rgpso.1951.1321.
  4. Raymond, Paul (1863). Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées (in French). Impr. impériale. p. 140.
  5. "Treaty of Bayonne between France and Spain sets their international borders | House Divided". hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu. Retrieved 2020-10-19.
  6. Strauss, Michael J. (2015-05-27). Territorial Leasing in Diplomacy and International Law. BRILL. p. 134. ISBN 978-90-04-29362-5.
  7. Veyrin, Philippe (2012). Les Basques: de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse-Navarre : leur histoire et leurs traditions (in French). Pau: Éd. Cairn. p. 16. ISBN 978-2-35068-261-7. OCLC 826784280.
  8. Demory, Jordi. "Le Pays Quint, un pays à part". lasemainedupaysbasque.fr. La Semaine du Pays Basque. Retrieved 8 July 2015.

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