Quercus faginea

Quercus faginea, the Portuguese oak, is a species of oak native to the western Mediterranean region in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Similar trees in the Atlas Mountains of northwest Africa are usually included in this species, or sometimes treated as a distinct species Quercus tlemcenensis. It occurs in mountains from sea level to 1900 m altitude, and flourishes in a variety of soils and climates.

Portuguese oak
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Fagaceae
Genus:	Quercus
Subgenus:	Quercus subg. Quercus
Section:	Quercus sect. Quercus
Species:	Q. faginea
Binomial name
Quercus faginea Lam.
Distribution map
Synonyms[2]
Quercus alpestris Boiss. Quercus villariana A.Camus Quercus tlemcenensis (A. DC.) Trab.

Q. faginea is a medium-sized deciduous or semi-evergreen tree growing to 20 m tall, with a trunk up to 80 cm in diameter, with grey-brown bark. The tree can live as long as 600 years. The leaves are 4–10 cm long and 1.2–4.0 cm broad (rarely to 15 cm long and 5 cm broad), glossy dark green to grey-green above, and variably felted grey-white below; the margins have five to 12 pairs of irregular teeth. Leaf fall is typically in mid- to late winter. The flowers are catkins, produced between March and April, almost always before holm oak, which grows in similar areas. The acorns are oblong-ovoid, 2.0–2.5 cm long, maturing in 6 months to disperse in September or October.[3][4][5]

The species commonly develops galls due to gall wasp activity; the galls are brown, 1–2 cm diameter, and have a spongy, cork-like interior.[6]

The two subspecies are:

Image	Scientific name	Description	Distribution
	Q. f. subsp. faginea	rarely exceeds 15 meters in height, smaller dentate-serrate leaves, shorter catkins (2-4cm), distributed through more continental climates around 500-1500m altitude. Predominant subspecies in Spain.	Native to the Iberian Peninsula
	Q. f. subsp. broteroi (Cout.) A.Camus (syn. Q. tlemcenensis)	can reach up to 20m in height, larger crenate-dentate leaves and longer catkins (4-7.5cm), distributed alongside rivers and streams, slopes and valleys up to 700m altitude.[7] Predominant subspecies in Portugal.	Native to Northwest Africa and Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula

Portuguese oak also hybridises readily with other related oaks such as Algerian oak (Q. canariensis) and downy oak (Q. pubescens), which can make identification difficult.

The specific name faginea refers to the superficial resemblance of the leaves to those of the beech (Fagus).

Uses

The wood has been used traditionally as firewood and as timber for construction (beams and posts). The acorns, like those of the holm oak or cork oak, are an important food for free-range black Iberian pigs reared for jamón ibérico production. It is also occasionally planted as an ornamental tree.

• 
  Quercus faginea in wintertime
• 
  Quercus faginea subsp. broteroi

References

1. Jerome, D. & Vazquez, F. (2018). "Quercus faginea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T78916251A78916554. Retrieved 20 January 2021.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
2. "Quercus faginea Lam.". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List.
3. "Quercus faginea". Flora Europaea. Edinburgh: Royal Botanical Garden. 2008.
4. Bean, W. J. (1976). Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., revised. John Murray.
5. Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
6. CAB International (2005). data on Quercus faginea, Forestry Compendium Archived October 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 July 2006.
7. "Quercus faginea" (PDF). floraiberica.es. Retrieved September 12, 2020.

External links

• Jean Louis Helardot, Chênes: Quercus faginea (in French)