Pterostylis irwinii

Pterostylis irwinii is a species of greenhood orchid endemic to New Zealand. Flowering plants have erect, linear leaves on the flowering stem while non-flowering plants have a rosette of egg-shaped leaves. There is a single green flower with translucent white stripes and reddish-brown tips.

Irwin's greenhood
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Cranichideae
Genus: Pterostylis
Species:
P. irwinii
Binomial name
Pterostylis irwinii

Description

Pterostylis irwinii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and which often grows in loose colonies. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of two or three, more or less egg-shaped leaves which are 40–150 mm (2–6 in) long and 30–50 mm (1–2 in) wide. Flowering plants have a single flower 35–45 mm (1–2 in) long and 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide on a reddish flowering stem 150–200 mm (6–8 in) tall with three to five stem leaves with their bases wrapped around the stem. The stem leaves are linear to lance-shaped, 60–170 mm (2–7 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal is 43–48 mm (1.7–1.9 in) long, 14–16 mm (0.55–0.63 in) wide and has a rough surface. It is erect near its base, then curves forward with the dorsal sepal longer than the petals. The lateral sepals are more or less erect with narrow tips 24–27 mm (0.9–1 in) long with a deep notch in the sinus between them and a wide gap between them and the galea. The labellum is 15–18 mm (0.6–0.7 in) long and about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide, curved, reddish-brown and protrudes above the sinus. Flowering occurs between October and January.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis irwinii was first formally described in 1997 by David Jones, Brian Molloy and Mark Clements and the description was published in The Orchadian.[1] The specific epithet (irwinii) honours J. Bruce Irwin who collected the type specimen at Erua near the Tongariro National Park in 1991.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Irwin's greenhood seems to prefer damp positions in tall forest or steep hilly places with basic rocks such as limestone. On the North Island it occurs on the Waimarino River floodplain and near Cape Palliser. On the South Island it grows in the north west as far south as the Buller River with a few observations further south.[2][3]

Conservation

Pterostylis irwinii is classed as "threatened and nationally endangered" under the New Zealand Threat Classication System.[5]

References
  1. "Pterostylis irwinii". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. de Lange, Peter James. "Pterostylis irwinii". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  3. "Pterostylis irwinii". New Zealand Native Orchid Group. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  4. Smith, Val (2009). "Eponymous Orchids – James Bruce Irwin and Pterostylis irwinii". The New Zealand Native Orchid Journal. 112: 38. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  5. "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Government Department of the Environment, Te Papa Atawhai. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
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