Pseudaxine

Pseudaxine is a genus which belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Monogenea; all its species are parasites of fish.[2]

Pseudaxine
Pseudaxine trachuri (Type-species of Pseudaxine)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Platyhelminthes
Class:
Monogenea
Subclass:
Polyopisthocotylea
Family:
Gastrocotylidae
Genus:
Pseudaxine

Parona & Perugia, 1890 [1]

Morphology
The clamps of Pseudaxine trachuri

Species of Pseudaxine are ectoparasites that affect their host by attaching themselves as larvae on the gills of the fish and grow into adult stage. This larval stage is called oncomiracidium, and is characterized as free swimming and ciliated.[1] The clamps are distributed along one margin of the haptor. Pseudaxine resemble Axine in having a single row of 20 – 30 clamps on one side of the body. However, it differs from Axine in having their hooks situated at the posterior end of the clamp row.[3] Pseudaxine also resembles Gastrocotyle in having a single row of clamps on one side, however, in Pseudaxine the haptor is oblique, while in Gastrocotyle the haptor is parallel to the body-axis, and extends to the ovarian zone.[4]

Systematics

Pseudaxine was established to accommodate Pseudaxine trachuri from the gills of the Atlantic horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus (referred to as Caranx trachurus in the original description), designated as the type species of the genus.[1] It was placed in the Microcotylinae,[5][6] in Gastrocotylinae [7] then in Arreptocotylidae.[5] Currently, it is included in the Gastrocotylidae.[8]

Species

Nine species have been described in Pseudaxine:

  • Pseudaxine trachuri Parona & Perugia, 1890[1][2]
  • Pseudaxine vagans Ishii, 1936[9] currently included in Allopseudaxine Yamaguti, 1943 [10]
  • Pseudaxine katsuwonis Ishii, 1936[9] currently included in Allopseudaxinoides Yamaguti, 1965 [11]
  • Pseudaxine mexicana Meserve, 1938[12] currently included in Mexicotyle Lebedev, 1984 [13]
  • Pseudaxine indicana Chauhan, 1945 [14]
  • Pseudaxine texana Koratha, 1955 currently considered a junior synonyme of Pseudaxine mexicana [15]
  • Pseudaxine bivaginalis Dillon & Hargis, 1965 [16]
  • Pseudaxine triangula Mamaev, 1967 [17] currently included in Churavera Unnithan, 1968[13]
  • Pseudaxine decapteri Yamaguti, 1968 [11] currently included in Pseudaxinoides Lebedev, 1968 [18]
  • Pseudaxine kurra Unnithan, 1968 [19]

References
  1. Parona, C. & Perugia, A. (1890) Intorno ad alcune Polystomeae e considerazionis sulla sistematica di questa famiglia. Atti della Societa Ligustica, 15, 225-242.
  2. Bouguerche, Chahinez; Tazerouti, Fadila; Gey, Delphine; Justine, Jean-Lou (2020). "No vagina, one vagina, or multiple vaginae? An integrative study of Pseudaxine trachuri (Monogenea, Gastrocotylidae) leads to a better understanding of the systematics of Pseudaxine and related genera". Parasite. 27: 50. doi:10.1051/parasite/2020046. ISSN 1776-1042.
  3. Kearn, G.C., 2005. Leeches, Lice and Lampreys: A Natural History of Skin and Gill Parasites. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
  4. Unnithan, R. Viswanathan (2009). "On the functional morphology of a new fauna of Monogenoidea on fishes from Trivandrum and environs Part II. Opisthogynidae fam.nov. (Gastrocotyloidea) and Abortipedinae subfam.nov. (Protomicrocotyloidea)". Parasitology. 52 (3–4): 315. doi:10.1017/S0031182000027190. ISSN 0031-1820.
  5. Palombi, A. (1949). I. Trematodi d'Italia: parte I. Trematodi Monogenetici. Rosenberg.
  6. Tripathi, Y. R. (1956). Studies on the parasites of Indian fishes. IV. Trematoda: Monogenea, Microcotylidae. Records of the Indian Museum, 52(2/4), 231-247
  7. Sproston, N. G. (1946). A synopsis of the monogenetic trematodes. The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 25(4), 185-600.
  8. Hargis, William J. (1957). "Monogenetic Trematodes of Gulf of Mexico Fishes. Part XIII. The family Gastrocotylidae Price, 1943 (Continued)". Transactions of the American Microscopical Society. 76 (1): 1. doi:10.2307/3223916. ISSN 0003-0023.
  9. Ishii, N. (1936). Some new ectoparasitic trematodes of marine fishes. Dobutsugaku Zasshi= Zoological Magazine, 48(8/10), 781-790. (In Japanese).
  10. Price, E.W. (1962b) Redescription of two exotic species of Monogenetic trematodes and the proposal of a new family. Proceedings Of The Biological Society Of Washington, 75, 295-302. PDF
  11. Yamaguti S. 1968: Monogenetic Trematodes of Hawaiian Fishes. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 287 pp.
  12. Meserve, F.G. (1938) Some monogenetic Trematodes from the Galapagos Islands and the Neighboring Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2, 31-72. PDF
  13. Lebedev, B. I. (1984) System of Monogenea of the suborder Gastrocotylinea. Vladivostok: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1–15 pp. (In Russian.)
  14. Chauhan, B.S. (1945) Trematodes from Indian Marine fishes Part I. On Some New Monogenetic Trematodes of the Sub-orders Monopisthocotylea Odhner, 1912 and Polyopisthocotylea Odhner, 1912. Indian Acad.Sci.SectionB, 21, 129-159.
  15. Hargis, W. J. JR. 1956b. Monogenetic trematodes of Gulf of Mexico fishes. Part;XII. The family Gastroeotylidae Price, 1943. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf and Caribbean 6: 28-43.
  16. Dillon, William Arthur; Hargis, William J. (1965). "Monogenetic Trematodes from the Southern Pacific Ocean: 2. Polyopisthocotyleids from New Zealand Fishes: The Families Discocotylidae, Microcotylidae, Axinidae, and Gastrocotylidae": 251–280. doi:10.1029/AR005p0251. ISSN 2328-9201. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  17. Mamaev, Yu.L. (1967) Pseudaxine triangula sp. n. and Metapseudaxine ventrosicula gen. & sp. n. and their position in the system of Monogenoidea. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 46, 993–998. (In Russian).
  18. Lebedev, B.I. (1977) Two new species of monogeneans from fishes of Indo-Pacific waters wilh notes concerning the genera Pseudaxine and Pseudaxinoides. Excerta parasitologica en memoria del Dr.Eduardo Caballero y Cabellero., 4, 69-78.
  19. Unnithan, R.V. (1968) on six species of Monogenetic trematodes, parasitic on the gills of marine fishes from the Indian seas. Treubia, 27, 141-164. PDF
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