Prymnesin-1

Prymnesin-1 is a chemical with the molecular formula C
₁₀₇H
₁₅₄Cl
₃NO
₄₄. It is a member of the prymnesins, a class of hemolytic phycotoxins made by the alga Prymnesium parvum.[1][2] It is known to be toxic to fish, causing mass fish deaths around the world, including in Texas and England.

Prymnesin-1

Names
IUPAC name 77‐Amino‐6,35,90‐trichloro‐17,21:22,26:25,29:30,34:33,37:38,42:41,45:46,50:49,53:54,58:57,62:61,65:64,68:67,71‐tetradecaepoxy‐52‐methyl 14‐(5‐hydroxymethyl‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐oxolanyloxy)‐9‐[5‐(1,2‐dihydroxyethyl)‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐oxolanyloxy]‐13‐(3,4,5‐trihydroxytetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐yloxy)‐72,74,79,81,89‐nonacontapentene‐1,3,83,87‐tetryne‐7,8,10,11,15,18,19,20,23,24,31,39,43,59‐tetradecol
Identifiers
CAS Number	168180-17-4
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
PubChem CID	102510994
SMILES C#CC#CC[C@H](Cl)C(O)C(O)C(O[C@@H]1O[C@]([C@@H](CO)O)([H])[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)C(O)CC(O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO2)C(O[C@@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)C(O)C[C@@]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)([H])O[C@@]4([H])[C@@]5([H])O[C@]6([H])[C@@](O[C@]([C@]7([H])[C@H](O)C[C@](O[C@]([C@@]8([H])O[C@]([C@@H](O)C[C@@]([C@]9([H])O[C@@](C[C@@H](C)[C@]([C@@]%10([H])O[C@@]%11([H])[C@@H](O)C[C@@]%12([H])O[C@@]%13([H])C[C@@]%14([H])O[C@@]([H])(/C=C/C=C/C[C@@H](N)C/C=C/C=C/C#CCCC#C/C=C/Cl)CC[C@]%14([H])O[C@]%13([H])C[C@]%12([H])O[C@]%11([H])CC%10)([H])O%15)([H])[C@]%15([H])CC9)([H])O%16)([H])[C@@]%16([H])C[C@@H]8O)([H])C[C@@H]%17Cl)([H])[C@@]%17([H])O7)([H])CC6)([H])[C@@H](O)[C@H]5O
Properties
Chemical formula	C107H154Cl3NO44
Molar mass	2264.72 g·mol^−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Structures

Prymnesin-1 is formed of a large polyether polycyclic core with several conjugate double and triple bonds, chlorine and nitrogen heteroatoms and O-linked sugar moieties including α-D-ribofuranose, α-L-arabinopyranose, and β-D-galactofuranose, unlike the single linked L-xylose of prymnesin-2.[1][3] There are three forms of prymnesin known, prymnesin 1 and 2, differing in their glycosylation, and prymnesin B1[4] differing in backbone.

See also

• Prymnesin-2
• Prymnesin-B1

References

1. Igarashi, Tomoji; Satake, Masayuki; Yasumoto, Takeshi (1999). "Structures and Partial Stereochemical Assignments for Prymnesin-1 and Prymnesin-2: Potent Hemolytic and Ichthyotoxic Glycosides Isolated from the Red Tide Alga Prymnesium parvum". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (37): 8499–8511. doi:10.1021/ja991740e.
2. Morohashi, Akio; Satake, Masayuki; Oshima, Yasukatsu; Igarashi, Tomoji; Yasumoto, Takeshi (2001). "Absolute configuration at C14 and C85 in prymnesin-2, a potent hemolytic and ichthyotoxic glycoside isolated from the red tide alga Prymnesium parvum". Chirality. 13 (9): 601–605. doi:10.1002/chir.1184. PMID 11579456.
3. Manning SR, La Claire JW (2010). "Prymnesins: toxic metabolites of the golden alga, Prymnesium parvum carter (Haptophyta)". Marine Drugs. 8 (3): 678–704. doi:10.3390/md8030678. PMC 2857367. PMID 20411121.
4. Rasmussen, Silas Anselm; Meier, Sebastian; Andersen, Nikolaj Gedsted; Blossom, Hannah Eva; Duus, Jens Øllgaard; Nielsen, Kristian Fog; Hansen, Per Juel; Larsen, Thomas Ostenfeld (2016). "Chemodiversity of Ladder-Frame Prymnesin Polyethers in Prymnesium parvum". J. Nat. Prod. 79 (9): 2250–2256. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00345.