Prince of Scotland

Prince and Great Steward of Scotland are two of the titles of the heir apparent to the throne of the United Kingdom. The current holder of these titles is Prince Charles, who bears the other Scottish titles of Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Lord of the Isles and Baron of Renfrew, and is known outside Scotland as the Prince of Wales.

The Prince Charles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland
Arms of Prince Charles as 'Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland, Lord of the Isles' as used in Scotland, based on "His Royal Highness's Scottish Banner", designed in 1974 by Sir Iain Moncrieffe, Albany Herald and approved by the Queen:[1] Quarterly 1 & 4: Or, a fess chequy argent and azure (Great Steward of Scotland (arms of Clan Stewart)); 2 & 3: Argent, a galley sable (Lord of the Isles)[2] overall an inescutcheon of the royal arms of Scotland with a label of three points azure (Duke of Rothesay,[3] being the arms of the King of Scotland differenced for an eldest son).

Prince of Scotland

The title of Prince of Scotland originated in a time when Scotland was a kingdom separate from England. The title was held by the heir apparent to the Scottish throne, in addition to his being Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Great Steward of Scotland. Before the English and Scottish crowns were united under James VI and I, sources indicate it was intended to be used in much the same way the title Prince of Wales was used to designate the heir-apparent to the English throne, although the Scottish heir-apparent was addressed only as Duke of Rothesay until that time.

Principality of Scotland

The title of Prince of Scotland originated from a charter granting the Principality of Scotland to the future James I of Scotland (not to be confused with James VI and I), the then heir apparent, granted on 10 December 1404, by Robert III. During the reign of James III, permanency was enacted to the title. The designation "Principality of Scotland" implied (and implies) not Scotland as a whole but lands in western Scotland, in areas such as Renfrewshire, Ayrshire and Kirkcudbrightshire appropriated as patrimony of the Sovereign's eldest son for his maintenance.

In modern times, the Prince remains paramount superior in these lands (whilst The Crown serves this role in the rest of Scotland). The Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000, however, abolished most remaining feudal duties and privileges attaching to the Principality,[4] leaving the Prince's status as mainly titular. Prior to the 2000 Act the Principality was entirely feued out to tenants and brought in a small income. All title deeds in Ayrshire and Renfrewshire required to be sealed with the Prince's seal. Revenue gained from feudal dealings were counted as income for the Duchy of Cornwall, a more substantial estate held by the monarch's child who is heir apparent.[5][6]

Great Steward

The Great Stewardship of Scotland was granted to Walter Fitz Alan by David I, and came to the Sovereign through the accession of Robert II, son of Robert I's daughter Marjorie and Walter Stewart, 6th Great Steward of Scotland, on 9 April 1327. Since that date it has been enjoyed by the Sovereign's eldest son.

The titles Prince and Great Steward of Scotland are normally conjoined in legislation.

Use of titles

Since James VI also became the King of England and Ireland in 1603, the titles have fallen from habitual use, the holder from then on usually also being Duke of Cornwall, Prince of Wales and Duke of Rothesay, which were preferred, and is now seldom referred to, except as the last in the conventional list of the Prince of Wales's titles.

Similar to the process of Crown consent (see Prince's Consent), in order for any bill affecting, directly or by implication, the personal property or interests of the Prince and Great Steward of Scotland to be heard in Parliament, Parliament shall not debate any question whether the Bill be passed or approved unless such consent to those provisions has been signified at a meeting of the Parliament. In the Scottish Parliament such consent is signified by a member of the Scottish Government.[7]

When the Sovereign had no son, there has been uncertainty as to who should bear and use the titles and enjoy the revenues of the Principality. Both Mary, Queen of Scots, and George II of Great Britain used the titles and styles, but on the accession of George VI there was a difference between the opinion of the Lord Lyon and the advice given by the Scottish Lords of Appeal to the Garter King of Arms. The matter remains unresolved, but is unlikely to be of practical significance for some time.

References
  1. "Standards". Princeofwales.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  2. "The Scots Roll blazons the 1st and 4th quarters of the arms of the Earl of Ross as Or, a galley Sable surmounted by an eagle displayed Gules all within a double tressure flory counter-flory Gules, for the Lordship of the Isles (Heraldry Society of Scotland, Scots Roll". Heraldry-scotland.co.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  3. "The Heraldry Society of Scotland". Heraldry-scotland.co.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  4. section 58(1), Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000. legislation.gov.uk "This Act binds the Crown and accordingly such provision as is made by section 2 of this Act as respects feudal estates of dominium shall apply to the superiority of the Prince and Steward of Scotland and to the ultimate superiority of the Crown; but nothing in this Act shall be taken to supersede or impair any power exercisable by Her Majesty by virtue of Her prerogative"
  5. Professor Noel Cox. "THE ARMS OF THE GRAND STEWARD OF SCOTLAND" (PDF). Reocities.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  6. "Report on Abolition of the Feudal System" (PDF). Scotlawcom.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  7. "Chapter 9: Public Bill Procedures - Parliamentary Business : Scottish Parliament". Scottish.parliament.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
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