Precious Blood Church fire
Precious Blood Church of Holyoke, Massachusetts burned on May 27, 1875 killing 78 people. The fire started at the front of the church as a candle flame ignited a curtain. There was a crush of people through the entrance at the back left and many people could not leave. It is one of the deadliest fires in American history, and was also known by newspapers domestic and foreign as "The Holyoke Disaster".[2]
| Precious Blood Church fire | |
|---|---|
  Top to bottom: Artist's drawing of members of the Holyoke Fire Department attempting to extinguish the fire, while fireman John T. Lynch pulls people from the front door; the panic inside the sanctuary as parishioners attempt to escape | |
| Location | Holyoke, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°11′56.0688″N 72°36′21.1032″W |
| Statistics | |
| Date(s) | May 27, 1875 |
| Cause | A breeze from an open window blew lacing draped over a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary into a lit candle[1] |
| Deaths | 78 killed 34 injured[1] |
Panic caused people to rush from the upper levels to a front door. The door was made to open inward only so many were trapped against the door. Reverend Andre Dufresne was the parish priest. He tried to calm the people and direct them as much as possible.
A list of the dead is given below by first and last name and then age. Many were buried in a common grave on May 29 at the Precious Blood Cemetery in South Hadley. All were French Canadians. The wooden church had been built in 1870 and was replaced in 1876 by a brick church. There is a monument for the dead at the cemetery. The parish priest was also reburied there.
The names have been taken directly from the monument. The names were determined from the Holyoke Deaths Register and from various newspaper articles. The accuracy is very high but there might still be small errors since there was a language barrier from the French immigrants to the English speaking officials and newspaper writers. Also the chaos of the days after the burning of the church was very high. One obvious correction that can be made in the future is seen in that French would use Marie and Celine and never Mary and Selina.[3]
The church complex is located on the city block formed by Cabot, South East, Clemente,[lower-alpha 1] and Hamilton Streets. Only the convent and rectory remain today since the brick church and school were dismantled. The Park Street School was located on the other side of Hamilton Street between Park and South East Streets. The school was used as a temporary morgue for the fire victims. The cemetery is on Willimansett Street Extension near the intersection of Routes 33 and 202 in South Hadley. The black memorial[4] is in the center of the cemetery and the priest is buried behind that.[5] The event and its aftermath were also later depicted in some detail in the Franco-American novel Mirbah by Emma Port-Joli Dumas, originally published in Holyoke's La Justice.[6]
Fatalities[7]
| First Name | Last name | Age |
|---|---|---|
| Antoine | Auger | 75 |
| Helene | Blais | 20 |
| Marceline | Blanchard | 22 |
| Marcelline | Blanchard | 22 |
| Marie | Boisvert | 15 |
| Sophie | Boudreau | 37 |
| Boulanger | ||
| Augustine | Brisson | 17 |
| Joseph | Chatelle | 20 |
| Delia | Coache | 16 |
| Delima | Cote | 22 |
| Mathilde | Daigneau | 13 |
| Pierre | Daigneau | 10 |
| Zoe | Daigneau | 36 |
| Rosalie | Daviau | 21 |
| Victoria | Deri | 11 |
| Alphonsine | Desjardin | 22 |
| Delia | Desjardin | 23 |
| Dometilde | Desjardin | 44 |
| Louis | Desjardin | 59 |
| Rosalie | Desjardin | 21 |
| Christine | Dion | 37 |
| Celina | Doucette | 20 |
| Merceline | Dufresne | 17 |
| Selina | Dufresne | 52 |
| Marceline | Dupont | 44 |
| Philomene | Dupont | 15 |
| Olive | Emond | 55 |
| Cora | Forgue | 11 |
| Zoe | Forgue | 48 |
| Benjamin | Fortier | 20 |
| Euphonzine | Fortier | 11 |
| Angelique | Fremont | 17 |
| Julie | Girard | 16 |
| Mary | Girard | 41 |
| Marie Louise | Goyette | 50 |
| Mary | Grandchamp | 23 |
| Philomene | Grandchamp | 21 |
| Almida | Hamel | 20 |
| Lucy | Hicks | 21 |
| Mary | Hicks | 25 |
| Marie Louise | Jetter | 33 |
| Cyrille | Lachance | 19 |
| Marcelline | Lachance | 19 |
| Adele | Lachapelle | 16 |
| Rose | Lachapelle | 13 |
| Exilda | Lacoste | 16 |
| Azilda | LaFrance | 27 |
| Rosalie | Lagasse | 54 |
| Exilde | Langdeau | 10 |
| Marie | Langdeau | 20 |
| Jean Baptiste | Langevin | 40 |
| Seline | Laplante | 18 |
| Celiste | Larive | 50 |
| Lepreux | ||
| Lepreux | ||
| Joseph | Mercier | 46 |
| Ida | Meunier | 19 |
| Alphonsine | Moreau | 15 |
| Fabien | Moreau | 54 |
| Isaiah | Moreau | 26 |
| Armiac | Morin | 12 |
| Isaiah | Morin | 22 |
| Hermille | Paquin | 20 |
| Josephine | Paquin | 14 |
| Mary | Pare | 20 |
| Louise | Payette | 17 |
| Matilde | Payette | 16 |
| Gaspard | Pellerin | 23 |
| Mary | Pion | 27 |
| Onezine | Pion | 55 |
| Celine | Roberte | 9 |
| Edmund | Roberte | 11 |
| Delima | Roger | 30 |
| Fabien | St. Pierre | 25 |
| Louise | Tetreault | 22 |
| Jacob | Theriault | 64 |
| Josephine | Viger | 40 |
Notes
- Clemente appears on maps of the time as Park Street.
References
- Corbeil, Art (2000). "Fire at Precious Blood". HolyokeMass.com. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017.
- http://www.holyokemass.com/pb_fire/corbiel.html
- "The Holyoke Disaster". Shepton Mallet Journal. Somerset. June 25, 1875. p. 3.
- "The Holyoke Disaster". San Francisco Bulletin. XL (44). San Francisco. May 28, 1875. p. 2.
- "The Holyoke Catastrophe". Panama Star and Herald. James Boyd. June 9, 1875. p. 2.
- http://www.holyokemass.com/pb_fire/cityhalldeaths2.html
- http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&GSln=Couture&GSiman=1&GSst=21&GRid=70439963&CRid=91480&
- http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSmcid=47310707&GRid=87535915&
- Fecteau, Edward (1945). "Chapter XIII. Franco-American Writers". French Contributions to America. Methuen, Mass.: Soucy Press; Franco-American Historical Society. p. 312.
- http://www.holyokemass.com/pb_fire/deathlist2.html
External links
Media related to Precious Blood Church fire at Wikimedia Commons