PostGIS

PostGIS (/ˈpoʊstdʒɪs/ POST-jis) is an open source software program that adds support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL object-relational database. PostGIS follows the Simple Features for SQL specification from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).

PostGIS
Developer(s)Refractions Research, Paul Ramsey, Dave Blasby, Mark Cave-Ayland, Regina Obe, Sandro Santilli, Olivier Courtin, Nicklas Avén, Bborie Park, Pierre Racine, Daniel Baston, Darafei Praliaskouski, Raúl Marín Rodríguez, Kevin Neufeld, Jeff Lounsbury, Chris Hodgson, Jorge Arévalo, Mateusz Loskot, Norman Vine, Carl Anderson, Ralph Mason, Klaus Foerster, Bruno Wolff III, Markus Schaber
Initial releaseApril 19, 2001 (2001-04-19)
Stable release
3.1.1 / January 28, 2021 (2021-01-28)
Repository
Operating systemLinux, Windows, Mac OS X, POSIX-compliant systems
TypeGeographic information system
LicenseGNU General Public License (version 2 or later)
Websitepostgis.net

Technically PostGIS was implemented as a PostgreSQL external extension.[1]

Features
  • Geometry types for Points, LineStrings, Polygons, MultiPoints, MultiLineStrings, MultiPolygons and GeometryCollections.
  • Spatial predicates for determining the interactions of geometries using the 3x3 DE-9IM (provided by the GEOS software library).
  • Spatial operators for determining geospatial measurements like area, distance, length and perimeter.
  • Spatial operators for determining geospatial set operations, like union, difference, symmetric difference and buffers (provided by GEOS).
  • R-tree-over-GiST (Generalized Search Tree) spatial indexes for high speed spatial querying.
  • Index selectivity support, to provide high performance query plans for mixed spatial/non-spatial queries.
  • For raster data, PostGIS WKT Raster (now integrated into PostGIS 2.0+ and renamed PostGIS Raster)

The PostGIS implementation is based on "light-weight" geometries and indexes optimized to reduce disk and memory footprint. Using light-weight geometries helps servers increase the amount of data migrated up from physical disk storage into RAM, improving query performance substantially.

PostGIS is registered as "implements the specified standard" for "Simple Features for SQL" by the OGC.[2] PostGIS has not been certified as compliant by the OGC.

History

Refractions Research released the first version of PostGIS in 2001 under the GNU General Public License. After six release candidates, a stable "1.0" version followed on April 19, 2005.

In 2006 the OGC registered PostGIS as "implement[ing] the specified standard" for "Simple Features for SQL".[3]

Release history (as of 1 January 2021)
Release First release Latest minor version Latest release
1.0 2005-04-19 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0.6 2005-12-06[4]
1.1 2005-12-21 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.1.7 2007-01-31[3]
1.2 2006-12-08 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.2.1 2007-01-11[5]
1.3 2007-08-09 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.3.6 2009-05-06[6]
1.4 2009-07-24 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.4.2 2010-03-11[7]
1.5 2010-02-04 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.5.8 2012-11-15[8]
2.0 2012-04-03 Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0.7 2015-04-06[9]
2.1 2013-08-17 Old version, no longer maintained: 2.1.9 2017-09-19[10]
2.2 2015-10-07 Old version, no longer maintained: 2.2.8 2018-11-22[11]
2.3 2016-09-26 Old version, no longer maintained: 2.3.10 2019-08-11[12]
2.4 2017-09-30 Older version, yet still maintained: 2.4.9 2020-08-15[13]
2.5 2018-09-23 Older version, yet still maintained: 2.5.5 2020-08-15[13]
3.0 2019-10-20 Older version, yet still maintained: 3.0.3 2020-11-20[14]
3.1 2020-12-18 Current stable version: 3.1.0 2020-12-18[15]
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Users

Many software products can use PostGIS as a database backend, including:

See also
  • Well-known text and binary, descriptions of geospatial objects used within PostGIS
  • DE-9IM, the Dimensionally Extended nine-Intersection Model used by PostGIS

References
  1. https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/external-extensions.html
  2. OGC Implementing Product Details Open Geospatial Consortium
  3. PostGIS History
  4. PostGIS 1.0.6 Released
  5. PostGIS 1.2.1 Release
  6. PostGIS 1.3.6 Release
  7. PostGIS 1.4.2 Release
  8. PostGIS 1.5.8 Released
  9. PostGIS 2.0.7 and 2.1.7 Released
  10. PostGIS 2.1.9 Released
  11. PostGIS 2.2.8 EOL
  12. PostGIS 3.0.0alpha4, 2.5.3, 2.4.8, 2.3.10 Released
  13. PostGIS 3.0.2, 2.5.5, 2.4.9 Released
  14. "PostGIS 3.0.3".
  15. "PostGIS 3.1.0".
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