Port of Novorossiysk

Novorossiysk Sea Port (Russian: Новороссийский морской порт, NSP) is one of the largest ports in the Black Sea basin and the largest in Krasnodar Krai. NSP berthing line (8.3 km) is the longest among all the ports of Russia.[7] The port is located on the Northeast coast of the Black Sea, in the Tsemes Bay (also called Novorossiysk Bay). The bay is ice-free and open for navigation all year round. However, in winter the navigation occasionally stops due to the hazardous northeastern bora wind. The Tsemes Bay allows deep-draft vessels up to 19 m DWT, the inner harbour — up to 12.5 m.[8] The liquid bulk terminals depth range from 8.4 to 15.6 m, suitable for tankers with a deadweight of up to 250,000 tons.[7]

Port of Novorossiysk
Новороссийский морской порт
Port area from above, 2010
Location
LocationRussia, Krasnodar Krai, Black Sea coast, Tsemes (Novorossiysk) Bay
Coordinates44°44′N 37°47′E[1]
UN/LOCODERUNVS[2]
Details
Operated byFSBI ‘Administration of the Black Sea Ports’
Size of harbor344 ha (2017)[3]
Land area278.12 ha (2017)[3]
Available berths89 of 15626.91 m (2017)[3]
HarbourmasterTuzikevick E. V.[4]
Statistics
Annual cargo tonnage112.5 mln tons (2013)[5]
Capacity208793 thousand tons (2017)[3]
Radars4 Airborne Interception radars
Nearest airportGelendzhik, Vityazevo Anapa[6]
Website
http://bsamp.ru/info-city-novorossiysk

Description

The Port of Novorossiysk is located at the crossroads of major international transport corridors between Russia and the Mediterranean Sea, the Near East, Africa, Southern Asia, Southeastern Asia, North and South America. NSP is the final destination for several international highways, such as the Trans-Siberian Railway, TRACECA, North-South International Transport Corridor, and Pan-European International Transport Corridor № 9.[9][10][11]

NSP is the largest port in Russia and the Black Sea basin and the third in Europe.[12] In 2011 it accounted for 21% of total cargo turnover in the country.[9] By 2017 the port had 89 berths with a total length of 15,627 m, its annual capacity for the same year was estimated at 208,793 thousand tons. Bulk liquid cargo (oil and oil products) constituted a major part of the yearly turnover (160,688 thousand tons), followed by 37,509 thousand tons of dry cargo and 883,000 TEU containers. The Port of Novorossiysk mainly handles grain, coal, mineral fertilizers, timber, oil and oil products, containerized, food, and general cargo. In 2014 the total turnover amounted to 121.59 mln tons, including 720,000 TEU, the largest value for the Black Sea basin and the second-highest in Russia.[5][13][14] Total berth length in NSP equals 8.3 km. The territory is separated into several areas: three cargo terminals (East, West, and Central), a passenger area and the Sheskharis oil harbour.[7]

History

Novorossiysk and the Port in the middle of the 19th century

The Adrianople Treaty of 1829 concluded the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29 between Russia and Ottoman Empire, transferring the Sujuk Bay and the rest of the Black Sea coast under Russian domain. To defend these newly acquired territories the government fortified the coastline with numerous forts and strongholds. Among them was the fortress in Sujuk, founded on the 12th of 1838. On 14 January 1839, it received the name Novorossiysk (a derivative of recently acquired territories) by a special order of state Minister of War. Later, Nicholas I of Russia issued a decree, assigning the name ‘Novorossiyskaya’, or ‘Tsemesskaya’, to the bay (after its tributary).[15] Another royal decree (signed on 30 June 1845) initiated the construction of a new trade port.[16] In 1846 the Novorossiysk fortress became a town.[15][17]

In 1846 the port handled 109 foreign (mainly Turkish) vessels with various cargo — leather, cotton threads, tobacco, crockery, fruit, vegetables, and sugar. Russian vessels delivered construction supplies, salt, and wine. Rye, wheat, butter, salo, honey, and highland merchandise were exported. First warehouses were built from local worked stone. Loading/unloading were performed on a roadstead — launches and feluccas were used for on-water freight, while horse-drawn carriages served for inland transportation. At that time, Novorossiysk was separated from Krasnodar Krai and other rich provinces, thus it was excluded from major trade on the Russian market.[18] During the Crimean War the town was destroyed.[15][19][20][21]

Late 19th to early 20th centuries

In 1872 Alexander II issued a royal decree, appointing a committee to research and locate proper sites for new sea ports at the Black Sea coast. In 1874 the committee reported that because of the strong bora winds the Tsemes Bay could serve as the main port, thus it was advised to be used for the construction of a cabotage port. Several alternative projects were offered but never implemented.[22] The proximity of Vladikavkaz Railway played a decisive role in site choice, it was planned to connect the bay with the inland transport chains via future Tikhoretsk — Novorossiysk conjunction.[23] The Imperial Ministry of Railways offered several projects of the future port to the State Council. The approved project's construction required 3.5 mln roubles, while the planned cargo turnover was estimated at 30 mln poods.[15][17][22][24]

The construction site located at the North-West part of the Tsemes Bay, less imposed to strong winds. The project included building miscellaneous facilities — a breakwater with a light-house at the South-West side, wharfs, utility railroads, bridges, paved roads, 2 track cranes, lighting and water supply. The infrastructure for personnel included a canteen, a kitchen, hospitals, workshops, and barracks. In 1866 the plan, overall budget and working conditions were approved by the Special Committee on Commercial Ports. On 8 August 1888, the first vessel sailed off to the new port — a French ‘Mingreli’, loaded with grain. A short time before the railroad conjunction between the port and Novorossiysk had been put into operation. By 1895 new berths (East, West and several state-owned) were opened, one of them was soon taken on lease by ‘Chernomorsky Cement’ company. The enterprise entered the cement market with raw materials from recently discovered Novorossiysk marl pits. In general, private capital played a major part in Novorossiysk Port development. For instance, Vladikavkaz Railway Society investments reached 15 mln roubles, twice more than the total value of all Novorossiysk industrial objects.[15][17][24][25][26]

USSR

In the Russian Civil War NSP was severely damaged in fights between the Red and the Volunteer Army. Later, under Bolshevik control the port was nationalized. In 1921—1922 it made a significant impact on food supplies to the victims of severe famine in Volga Region. That contribution was honoured with an Order of the Red Banner of Labour. Later, NSP was awarded the same order for raising the wreck of ‘Elbrus’ oil-carrier, sank in the years of World War I. The infrastructure and total cargo turnover recovered gradually. While in 1920 the turnover was only 16 mln thousand tons, by 1923 it grew to 1.2 mln. By 1926 all the berths were reconstructed and put into operation, including a newly built coal pier (later named ‘Importniy’). In 1926-30 the Port of Novorossiysk doubled the pre-war grain shipment amount, then during the Second Five-year Plan it doubled the total turnover. Some wooden berths were replaced with reinforced concrete, a new harbor basin was constructed for cabotage fleet, an embankment and an ice-box were added.[17][18][25]

By 1940 NSP had become one of the leading ports in South USSR. It comprised 4 loading areas, import and cement docks, a cabotage area and the West Embankment (106.5 ha). There were 41 operating berths with a total length of 4.69 km, the staff rose to 2076 port workers (including 509 lumpers). In 1940, the NSP handled 416 vessels and processed 1554 thousand tons of cargo. Upon the outbreak of World War II the port served for evacuation, shipped ammunition and weapons to the battle front line. The bravery and courage of the port workers were acknowledged and honoured with state medals. By 1943 only one berth of all NSP facilities remained intact. The State Defense Committee ordered the reconstruction to begin, as soon as 1 October 1944, NSP was officially reopened. However, the complete reconstruction was finished only in 1950. By the middle of the 1960s new facilities were added — ‘Shirokiy’ dock, ‘Sheskharis’ oil terminal, a passenger harbor station, workshops, and even a Sailors' Palace.[12][17][18][25][27]

Infrastructure

Vessel Traffic Management

Safe navigation in the waters of NSP is supported by Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) solution by Rosmorport. The local system includes VTS Centre and four remotely controlled radio technical posts (RTP) — ‘Doob’, ‘Penay’, ‘Gelendzhik’, and ‘Youzhnaya Ozereevka’. Doob RTP is installed in the proximity of Doob Lighthouse 95 m above sea level, it serves for detection and observation of approaching vessels and backs up Penay RTP. The latter is located at the front Penay range marker 35 m above sea level, providing direct visual of Novorossiysk bay. Penay RTP backs up Doob RTP performance for distance range. In its turn, Gelendzhik RTP stands at the South-East slope of the Doob mountain 301 m above sea level. It serves for distance range observation of vessel approach and backs up Youzhnaya Ozereevka RTP. Youzhnaya Ozereevka secures observation of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium in operational responsibility area and its approaches.[28]

The mentioned RTPs detect vessels at a range up to 15–20 miles, determine coordinates, velocity, and direction. In case of possible emergency all obtained data is sent to the Central VST operator and other vessels within range. All vessels are obliged to enter and move in NSP water area only under Novorossiysk VTS permission.[28]

Major Facilities

Novorossiysk Timber Port

Before the Russian Revolution no Russian Black Sea ports had specialized timber handling terminals. However, NSP historically processed various timber cargo flows to the Near East. In 1929—31 the very first terminal for timber export was put into operation at the port of Novorossiysk, comprising warehouses, log yards, and special berths. As soon as in 1940—41 the company was shut along with a complete cease of foreign trade via NSP. By 1945 a new timber yard was opened at the Port of Novorossiysk. The state company, managed by Glavsnables (General Directorate for Wood and Timber Supply), handled hardwood timber deliveries from Romania. By 1956 the yard was reorganized into Novorossiysk timber port under the management of USSR Ministry for Paper and Timber Industries.[17][29]

USSR Ministry of Forest Economy granted 8 mln roubles on expansion and development of the timber harbour. It was targeted on trade with Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries with an estimated export volume of 250 thousand m³ and 100 thousand m³ import. In the following years, the terminal capacity grew rapidly. In 1958 the Timber Port of Novorossiysk total turnover reached 415 thousand m³, by 10 years it boosted up to 1700 (including 850 thousand m³ of timber cargo).[17][29][30]

By 1980 the Timber Port covered 56.8 ha and became an enterprise of federal importance. It was equipped with 30 various cranes (portal, frame, tower, railway, etc.), the timber terminal had 2 separate lines for lumber drying and bundling, grading and sorting machines, and a whole fleet of machinery (52 electric and truck loaders, 33 lumber trucks, 9 transporter trains, etc.).[17][29][30] In 1992 NSP went public and was renamed into Novoroslesexport, later privatized. Then it began operating as a diverse harbour, handling various cargo. The first container terminal was launched in 1999.[31] In 2006 Novoroslesexport was acquired by the NMTP Group.[32]

Novorossiysk Shipyard

According to an order of Sovnarkom, the first major shipyard was launched at the Port of Novorossiysk in the Spring of 1918. All the facilities, previously engaged in berths and equipment maintenance (plus locomotive shed and railway slip at the Eastern slope of the Tsemes Bay), were merged into united port workshops. In the 1920s these workshops were expanded and upgraded to dockage facilities, by August 1941 growing into a shipyard.[33]

Upon the outbreak of the World War II two floating drydocks were transferred from Odessa, NSP workers engaged in military fleet maintenance and arming civilian vessels, while the factory refocused on defense items.[34] The advance of German troops forced the evacuation, part of the NSP equipment was transferred to southern ports, some relocated into tunnels of cement factories. When the main part of the town was captured by enemy troops, some workers joined the partisans, others were evacuated. The NSP factory was destroyed during the fights, the reconstruction started only in September 1943, when the town was liberated. By January 1944 new railway slip was built, in April of the same year the 4000-ton floating drydock was raised and reconstructed. Since then the factory actively engaged in the restoration of NSP and Soviet Navy fleet. The enterprise reached full capacity by 1948.[33]

Further expansion and modernisation of Novorossiysk Shipyard started in the 1950s when the enterprise got new foundry, mechanical, and galvanizing workshops. In 1965 the factory opened a 27000-ton floating drydock. By the 1980s new facilities for heavy cargo vessels extended total shipyard area from 16.6 up to 25 ha. In 1985 Novorossiysk Shipyard launched the largest drydock of 60,000 tons capacity, enabling the facility to serve all civil and military vessels of the Russian fleet. Upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union number of orders on ship repair significantly reduced, therefore the enterprise refocused on processing metal cargo, then switched to lumber and rolling cargo. In 2006 the shipyard joined NMTP Group.[33] By 2013 the facility almost ceased its primary service as vessel repair centre.[35]

Oil Infrastructure

Nobel brothers and the Rothschilds launched oil transfer at the Port of Novorossiysk. The Nobels managed numerous facilities at NSP, such as oil storages, a 95-meter long pipeline, a discharge jetty for tank cars, pumps, and a berth handling vessels of deadweight up to 1.5 tons. One of the Nobel's riveted tanks was operational and used at NSP up to 1988. The Rothschilds owned Caspian-Black Sea Oil Company, that co-founded Nouvelle Societe du Standard Russe Grozny (in Russia known as Russian Standard) with Royal Dutch Shell. In 1882 Russian Standard opened the first oil refinery plant in Russia, three years later adding a 70-meter pipeline from Ilsky production fields. Russian Standard covered an area to the East from the Vladikavkaz Railway and constructed a 150-meter dock for oil and oil-related products.[17][36][37][38][39]

In 1918, after the nationalisation of oil enterprises, oil export became a valuable source of foreign exchange revenue for the USSR. In the 1920s and 1930s it was consistently high, but during the Second World War all the facilities were destroyed. The possibility of oil freight in Novorossiysk was reconsidered only in the 1950s.[39]

‘Sheskharis’

New transshipment terminal construction was initiated in 1960 based on resolutions of the Council of Ministers of USSR (and later RSFSR) as a part of oil industry development program, personally supervised by Nikita Khrushchev. The construction site was set near Sheskharis Cape at the Tsemes Bay coast, ranging from 100 m to 40 m above sea level. Upon completion total amount of tank fields reached 99,000 m3.[37][39][40]

The terminal received a breakwater with estimated wave load of 6.5 m and a ballast water discharge pipeline, strengthened with front and rear bank protection. The first vessel to be handled at berth №4 of Sheskharis oil terminal became ‘Lihoslavl’ tanker en route to Italy, processed on 19 October 1964. At the same time a new tank field of 200 thousand m3 capacity was launched in Grushevaya Balka area and connected to Sheckharis via 3000-meter tunnel through the Markotkh ridge. The slope tilt allowed the flow of oil and oil derivatives move down, passing through quality and quantity control points.[37][39][40]

The united complex of Sheskharis and Grushevaya Balka oil terminals became the largest in Europe and the most efficient in USSR. In 1966 and 1976 BW treatment systems were put into operation, in 1978 the complex received a new pipeline for direct oil transportation from field tanks to vessels. In the same year a deepwater berth was constructed, lateran automatic filling system was introduced. By 1966 Sheskharis annual cargo turnover reached 50 mln tons and the range of destinations expanded to 23 countries. In 2002—2003 total volume of Grushevaya tank fields reached 1.2 mln m3. In 2012 Sheckharis and Grushevaya merged into united enterprise ‘Sheskharis oil terminal’.[39][40]

By 2012 Sheskharis oil terminal accounted for more than 30% of Russian oil export. The terminal has 3 docks of 200 meters total length. Berth №1 is the deepest, it can handle vessels with deadweight up to 250,000 tons and 19-meters draft, it transfers only oil cargo with 10,000 tons per hour capacity. Berth №2 is 14.5 meters deep, it can take vessels up to 90,000 deadweight and 13.9 m draft, its capacity range from 90 up to 6,000 tons per hour. Berth №3 accepts ships up to 33,000 DWT, draft alongside is 10.9 m, it processes mainly naphtha residue and diesel (800—900) tons per hour. Berth №4 serves bunkering vessels up to 3.6 DWT. Berths №5 and №8 transfer oil derivatives and accept tankers up to 12,000 tons DWT. Berths №6 and №7 are able to take tankers up to 65,000 tons DWT, draft alongside is 13 m. Sheskharis oil terminal can simultaneously process 7 tankers.[9]

Grain Handling Facilities

Railroad and NSP facilitated grain export, opening transportation from Don, Volga region and Stavropol. To strengthen the monopoly in grain export Vladikavkaz Railway Company established a new enterprise — Novorossiysk Commercial Agency, purposed to manage storage, vessels loading/unloading. More than 20 wooden, stone and iron siloses were constructed for grain storage. At that time all handling processes like loading and drying were performed manually, requiring almost 1000 workers. To reduce workforce the agency decided to build a grain elevator.[15][24]

The project was designed by Stanislav Kerbedza and led by an engineer A. N. Shesnesevich. The elevator comprised two side siloses, each including 364 grain bins for 47,000 tons of grain, and 14-stores high towers. In addition, the first in the world three-phase power plant was constructed nearby. The works started in 1891 and were finished in 1893, a year later the elevator was put into operation. Electrification and automatization allowed to reduce staff down to 60 operators. The expenses reached 2,418,517 roubles. The elevator was the most modern of its time and best equipped in the world, in capacity it yielded only to the one in Chicago. It survived all wars of the 20th century and was closed only in 1972. The reconstruction started in 2017—18, the edifice is planned to be turned into a modern exhibition complex.[15][24][41][42]

Port Management
At the Port of Novorossiysk

The port is managed by FGBI ‘Administration of Black Sea Seaports’ (ABS), that was established by an order of the Russian Ministry for Transport following Federal Act № 261. The Administration provides management, equipment and funding support to captains of Russian seaports (Sochi, Tuapse, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, Anapa, Taman, Kerch, Feodosia, Yalta, Sevastopol, and Yevpatoriya).[43] As a part of ABS, NSP Port Authorities ensure the respect of legal and regulatory provisions of the commercial maritime law.[44]

Port Operators

According to the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMRS), there are 16 operators in NSP — Caspian Pipeline Consortium, NUTEP, KSK, Novorossiysk Shipyard, FAMART Rescue Service, Novoroslesexport, NMTP (including Novorossiyskiy Grain Terminal and Novorossiysk Grain Plant), Novorossiysk Fuel Oil Terminal (including InmorTerminal LLC), ‘Komandor’, ‘Maritime Engineering’, NNK, IPP, Novorossiysk Industrial Company, ‘April’, SP Artak Vasilyan, and FSUE Rosmorport.[3]

DeloPorts
Main article: DeloPorts

Delo business group was established in 1993 by Sergey Shishkarev, son of the port operational manager, it became the first private major stevedore company in NSP.[45] In 2015 DeloGroup structured its Novorossiysk assets into united holding DeloPorts, that comprised NUTEP container terminal, KSK grain terminal and Delo service operator (engaged in bunkering, towing and other services at DeloPorts berths).[46][47] Previously Delo Group also owned NCC oil terminal, but in 2013 it was sold to Gazprom Marine Bunker.[48] By the first quarter of 2018 NUTEP ranked the second in the Black Sea basin based on total volume of handled cargo. In the meantime, KSK was the third largest grain processing terminal in the same region.[49][50][51]

NMTP Group
Main article: Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port

Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port (NMTP) was established based on the privatisation of NSP in the early and mid-1990s.[52] Major blocks of shares went to Uralsib, Sergey Shishkarev's Delo Group and Russian General Bank (co-owned by Aleksandr Skorobogatko and Alexander Ponomarenko), a part of NMTP shares remained state property. From 1998 Skorobogatko and Ponomarenko gradually increased their shares in NMTP and other stevedore assets of NSP. In 2006 they bought out shares of Delo Group and Uralsib, consolidating more that 70% of NMTP. In alliance with PJSC ‘Fleet of Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port’ (towing and bunkering operator), IPP (oil and liquid fertilizers operator), Novoroslesexport (timber and container cargo), Novorossiysk Shipyard (vessel repair services and metal cargo shipment), and Novorossiysk grain terminal (grain cargo), NMTP merged into united holding and became the largest NSP operator.[32][45]

In November 2007 the holding issued public shares on the London Stock Exchange. In 2008 a conflict with Transneft over the Sheskharis oil terminal helped Skorobogatko and Ponomarenko engage Arkady Rotenberg into NMTP capitals. In 2011 Skorobogatko, Ponomarenko and Rotenberg sold out the blocking share of NMTP stocks to Transneft and Summa Group owner Ziyavudin Magomedov.[53][54] In 2013 Summa Group and Transneft disputed and publicly negotiated on a possible split of NMTP. Following the agreement, inland terminals stayed under Summa Group's management, while Transneft got oil terminals. In the Spring of 2018 Ziyavudin Magomedov and his elder brother (former member of the Russian Federation Council) Magomed were arrested on charges of building a criminal organization and fraud.[55] In October 2018 Summa sold out its NMTP shares to Transneft, increasing its stake up to 60.62%.[56] In February 2019 NMTP sold 100% shares of Novorossiysk Grain Terminal to VTB Bank.[57]

Demetra holding

After purchasing the Novorossiysk Grain Terminal, VTB began to consolidate its grain assets in Demetra Holding, which is currently the parent company for the Novorossiysk Grain Terminal. In April 2020, VTB engaged to Demetra two minority investors, selling a 25% stake in Demetra Holding to Agronova company and 24.99% stake to the Marathon group. After it, VTB retained control of this company.

CPC

Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) accounts for a considerable part of cargo turnover at NSP. CPC operates CTC-R terminal in Yuzhnaya Ozereevka, that is a final destination of pipeline from Tengiz oil field in Western Kazakhstan to Novorossiysk. Here oil is loaded into tankers and goes for export to the World markets. CPC was established in July 1992 by the governments of Kazakhstan and Oman, later Russia joined the project. The construction started in May 1999, pipe laying was finished in November 2000. Finally, the production run initiated in April 2003 after receiving permission of the authorities.[58] CPC terminal has three Single-Point Mooring systems, allowing safe oil offloading into tankers even in adverse weather conditions.[59] Between January and November 2018 the terminal loaded 55.129 mln tons of oil from Karachaganak, Kashagan and Tengiz fields. By the end of 2018 Russian Federation owned the largest block of terminal shares (24% by Transneft and 7% by CPC Company), followed by Kazakhstan (19% by KazMunayGas and 1.75% by Kazakhstan Pipeline Ventures). Among other shareholders Chevron Caspian Pipeline Consortium Company has 15%, LukArco has 12.5%, Mobil Caspian Pipeline Company and Rosneft-Shell Caspian Ventures hold equal blocks of 7.5%, BG Overseas Holding and Eni International hold 2% each. Finally, 1% of CPC terminal shares is owned by Oryx Caspian Pipeline.[51][60]

Military Harbour
Large Landing Ship ‘Novocherkassk’ at NSP

Novorossiysk Naval Base was established by the Bolsheviks in 1920. During the Russian Civil War its fleet fought the White Army in Crimea and Transcaucasia. Active development of the base was stimulated by the deterioration of the political environment. In the years of the World War II Novorossiysk served as a stronghold for the occupied Sevastopol and Odessa, its marines took part in the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula and ensured the evacuation. After the war Sevastopol became the main base for the Soviet Navy's Black Sea Fleet and Novorossiysk military base was discontinued. The bay was reassigned as an administrative naval area. Later the USSR Ministry of Fisheries anchored there its submarine fleet and survey ships, consecutively the bay was renamed into ‘Geoport’.[61]

Within Late Soviet period Black Sea Navy Fleet forces were allocated in the Georgian SSR and Ukrainian SSR with bases in Sevastopol, Odessa, Batumi, and Poti. The dissolution of the Soviet Union brought up a question of headquarters relocation to Novorossiysk. In September 1994 Novorossiysk Naval area was reestablished, three years later it was officially reorganised into Novorossiysk Naval Base.[62] To ensure its modernisation and development the government initiated special federal programme 'On Black Sea Navy Fleet Base at the Territory of Russian Federation in 2005—2020'. The Federal Special Construction Agency conducted the construction of new facilities, including a breakwater to protect the inner harbour from storms (West side 850 m long/1450 East). It can stand estimated wave load of 5 m and earthquakes up to M 9. The naval base is equipped with 5 berths (including floating dock) capable to receive up to 100 vessels from 1500 to 30,000 DWT. The submarine base shelters all 7 diesel-powered submarines of Russian Black Sea Navy.[63]

Other Objects

Monuments

In November 1925 one of the first Soviet monuments to Vladimir Lenin was erected at the coastside of Tsemes Bay. The construction was crowdfunded by Black Sea region citizens and NSP employees. Vasily Kozlov designed the sculpture, L. and K. Dietrich and O. Domansky created the pedestal. The bronze figure was casted in Leningrad and delivered for the International Workers' Day on 1 May 1926. Later, during the war, the monument was mined by retreating German troops. After the liberation of the city the sculpture was repaired, in 1974 it was taken under state protection and granted regional significance status. In 1987—89 the status was upscaled to national significance. The total height of the monument is 6 meters, while only the sculpture is 1.8 m tall.[64]

Another monument was opened in September 2018 at the Admiral Serebryakov Embankment. At the initiative of Delo's President Sergei Shishkarev the ‘Memorial to Port Workers’ was financed by Delo Group and NMTP with the participation of several private persons and companies. The opening ceremony coincided with the 180 anniversary of Novorossiysk, 75-th jubilee of liberation of the city and 45th anniversary of receiving title of the hero city. The 2-meter high and 4m tall sculpture designed by Konstantin Kubishkin portrays a tally girl, two dock-engineers and a stevedore at work. Both granite tiles of the pedestal are covered with the text of Nikolas I decree to establish the port in Novorossiysk.[65][66][67]

Aleksino Port Marina

Aleksino Port Marina was established on the West coast of the Tsemes Bay and became operational in October 2011. The facility serves and repairs small vessels. The harbor is protected by L-shaped breakwater and equipped with 4 berths of 2—3 depth alongside. Initially the harbor was equipped to handle 35-meters long vessels up to 160 DWT, but in 2017—2018 the marina was modernised and upgraded to serve ships up to 450 DWT. The complex include multiple companies engaged in repairing, painting and other services. By 2017 Aleksino Port Marina was the largest ship-repair complex in Azov-Black Sea Basin. Nowadays it handles private, technical, harbour, and military (FSB crafts) vessels, regulated by RussianMaritime and River Registers. Aleksino Port Marina is a member of DeloPorts holding.[68][69][70]

Turnover

Cargo Turnover

Year20032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016 2017 2018
Cargo Turnover, mln tons[71]85.597.8113.1113.1113.5112.6122.8117.1116.1117.4112.6121.6127.1131.4 147.4 154.9
Growth, %-14.315.60009-4.6-0.81.1-484.53.4 12.2 5

See also

References
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  2. "UNLOCODE (RU) - RUSSIA". service.unece.org. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  3. "Приложение к распоряжению Росморречфлота от 24.04.2017 № НЖ-96-р" [Annex to Commission № НЖ-96-р by RosMorRechFlot from 04/24/2017] (in Russian). Federal Agency for Marine and River Transport.
  4. "Филиал ФГБУ "АМП Черного моря" в морском порту Новороссийск". ФГБУ «Администрация морских портов Черного моря».
  5. "Морские порты Черноморского бассейна. Досье" [Profile: Sea Ports of the Black Sea basin] (in Russian). TASS. 2014-09-23.
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  10. Freidin, I. V. (2012). "Комплексное развитие Новороссийского транспортного узла" [Novorossiysk Transport Hub: the Comprehensive Development] (in Russian). 5 (42). Transport of Russia: 13–15. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. Shaltykov, A. I., Sarzhanov T. S., Musaeva, G. S. (2017). "Соединяя восток и запад" [Connecting East and West] (PDF) (in Russian). 1 (54). Kazakhstan Industrial Transport: 166–170. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. Nasrtdinova, J. "Город-герой Новороссийск. Город-порт" [Novorossiysk: the Hero City and the Port] (in Russian). RIA Novosti.
  13. "Информация о порте Новороссийск в Единой государственной системе информации об обстановке в Мировом Океане" [Unified System of Information on the State of the World Ocean (ESIMO): Novorossiysk Port Info] (in Russian). 2013-06-05.
  14. Tkacheva, H. (2015-03-27). "Новороссийск в новых условиях" [Novorossiysk In New Circumstances] (in Russian). PortNews.
  15. Rybnikova I. A., Rybnikov A. M. (2014). "Исторические аспекты строительства объектов для перевалки зерна в Новороссийском морском порту на рубеже XIX—XX веков" [Grain Handling at the Port of Novorossiysk at the turn of the XXth Century: Historical Perspectives of Construction] (in Russian). 7 (90). Irkutsk State Technical University: 236–240. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. Vasilyev, V. (2017). His Majesty (in Russian). St. Petersburg Writers' Union. p. 488. ISBN 978-5-906931-21-4.
  17. Mironov, M. E. (2002). История строительного дела: Морские порты и водные пути России [History of Construction Industry: Sea Ports and Waterways of Russia] (PDF) (in Russian). St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology. p. 141.
  18. "История порта Новороссийск" [Novorossiysk Port History] (in Russian). NMTP. Archived from the original on 2018-10-09.
  19. Stepko, L. S. (2011). "Из истории Константиновского укрепления" [From the History of Konstantinovsky Battery]. Historical Notes: Research and Materials (in Russian). Novorossiysk State Historical Museum and Heritage Site (7): 320.
  20. "День в истории Новороссийска. Начался обстрел, который уничтожил город" [A Day in the History of Novorossiysk: theFire That Destroyed the Town] (in Russian). Blocknote. 2019-03-12.
  21. Template:БРЭ
  22. Lapin, E. (2011-08-29). "Куда уехал цирк?" [Where Did the Circus Go?] (in Russian). Novorab.ru. Archived from the original on 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2019-07-25.
  23. Kirichenko, E. I., ed. (2010). "European Russia South". Градостроительство России середины XIX — начала XX века. Книга третья [Urban Development in Russia: Second Half of the XIX — Early XX Century] (in Russian). Moscow: Progress—Tradition. p. 343. ISBN 978-589826-333-1.
  24. Ovsyannikov, G. (2007-04-19). "Новороссийск: как провожали пароходы?" [Novorossiysk: How Did They See Out The Steamers?] (in Russian). Gudok.ru.
  25. Lukashov, M. "Черноморская гордость России" [Black Sea Proud of Russia]. Komsomolskaya Pravda (in Russian).
  26. Novikov, S. G. "Новороссийск: история для всех" [Novorossiysk: History For All] (in Russian). United Libraries of Novorossiysk.
  27. Ponyatovskiy, V. V.>. "Novorossiysk Sea Port". Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Soviet Encyclopedia Publishing House.
  28. Chebanova, N. S. (2015). "Анализ определения и порядка взимания навигационного и экологического сборов в морском порту Новороссийск" [Analysis of Determination and Procedure of levying Navigation and Environmental charges in the seaport of Novorossiysk] (in Russian). 1 (156). Herald of Adygea State University: 199–204. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. Sinitza, E. V. (2015). "Novorossiysk Timber Seaport: Establishment and Development (1956—1980)". Перспективы модернизации современной науки [Modern Science: Modernisation and Prospects] (PDF) (International Scientific and Practical Conference: Symposium) (in Russian). Moscow: РИО ЕФИР. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-5-9906441-4-4.
  30. Shupenya, V., Semenov, A. (March 1969). "У причалов Новороссийского лесного порта" [At Docks of Novorossiysk Sea Port] (PDF). Forest Industry (in Russian). No. 3. Moscow. pp. 7–8.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. "Мы превращаем лесной порт в суперсовременную компанию" [We Turn Timber Port Into Supermodern Company] (in Russian). Maritime News of Russia. 2006-06-30. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  32. "Группа НМТП. Своевременная консолидация" [NMTP Group. In-Time Consolidation] (PDF) (in Russian). Bank of Moscow. 2008-06-10.
  33. Rozhansky, E. (2018-08-22). "В Новороссийске открылась выставка к 100-летию судоремонтного завода" [Anniversary Exhibition: Novorossiysk Shipyard Turns 100] (in Russian). VK Press.
  34. Selunina, N. V. (2011). "Военно-перестроечный процесс на судоремонтных предприятиях России в 1941—1942 годах" [The Military Reconstructional Process on the Ship Repairing Enterprises of Russia in 1941—1942] (in Russian) (1). Scientific Thought of Caucasus: 59–64. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  35. Baburina, O. N., Grass, E. U. (2013). "Современное состояние и проблемы морского транспорта России" [Maritime Transport in Russia: Current Status and Challenges]. 8 (222). Financial Digest: 52–57. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  36. ""Вонючая чёрная жижа". Очерки истории отечественной нефтяной промышленности" [Stinking Black Slush: Notes from State Oil Industry] (in Russian). 2 (11). Ruspred.ru. Feb 2003. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  37. Lapin, E. (2014-10-27). "Мой "Шесхарис"" [My Sheskharis] (in Russian). Novorab.ru. Archived from the original on 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
  38. Kalinov, V. V., Sergees, S. V. (2015). "The Rothschilds and Their Part in Kaspian-Black Sea Oil Company". Вертикально интегрированные нефтегазовые компании России — история и традиции [Vertically-integrated Oil Companies in Russia — History and Traditions] (in Russian). Moscow: The Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  40. "Транснефть / V. По синему морю" [Transneft / V. At the Blue Sea] (in Russian). TASS.
  41. "На реконструкцию новороссийского элеватора потратят более 125 миллионов рублей" [Novorossiysk Elevator Restoration Estimate 125 Mln Roubles] (in Russian). Nasha Gazeta. 2017-09-15.
  42. "В Новороссийске началась реставрация здания старого элеватора: фото работ уже появились в сети" [Novorossiysk Elevator Reconstruction: First Photos Are Already in Web] (in Russian). Nasha Gazeta. 2018-05-07.
  43. "Общая информация" [General Info] (in Russian). Federal Government Budgetary Institution Administration of Black Sea Seaports.
  44. "Морской порт Новороссийск" [Novorossiysk Sea Port] (in Russian). Federal Government Budgetary Institution Administration of Black Sea Seaports.
  45. Popov, I. (2008-01-03). "Выход к морю" [Access to the Sea]. Forbes (in Russian).
  46. "Группа "Дело" завершила консолидацию стивидорных активов" [DeloGroup to Finish Stevedoring Assets Consolidation] (in Russian). Maritime News of Russia. 2015-07-13.
  47. DeloPorts Annual Report 2016 (PDF) (in Russian). p. 107.
  48. "Группа Deloports продала ООО "Газпромнефть Марин Бункер" нефтепродуктовый терминал ННК" [DeloPorts to Sell NCC Oil Terminal to Gazprom Marine Bunker] (in Russian). PortNews. 2013-12-20.
  49. "Обзор контейнерного рынка Черноморского региона по итогам I квартала 2018 года" [Black Sea Region Container Market Review for I Quarter 2018] (in Russian). PortNews. 2018-05-18.
  50. Dyatlovskaya, E. (2018-11-08). "Мощность зернового терминала КСК к 2020 году увеличится на треть" [KSK Grain Terminal Capacity to Grow One Third by 2020] (in Russian). AgroInvestor.
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  52. "Мурманский порт попал в частные руки" [Murmansk Port Gets Private]. Kommersant (in Russian). 2011-11-07.
  53. Mokrousova, I. (2012-04-02). "Как устроен бизнес покупателя "дворца Путина" в Геленджике и его партнера" [How Does Gelendzhik ‘Putins Palace’ Buyer and His Partner's Business Works]. Vedomosti (in Russian).
  54. Mazneva, E., Dagaeva, A., Gavshina, O. (2011-01-27). "За Новороссийский морской торговый порт заплачено на 80% дороже рынка" [NMTP Bought 80% Exceeding Market Rate]. Vedomosti (in Russian).CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  56. "Арестованный миллиардер Магомедов разбогател после продажи акций НМТП" [Business Magomedov Gets Richer Under Arrest After Selling NMTP Shares]. Forbes (in Russian). 2018-10-09.
  57. Dubov, G., Podobedova, L., Dzyadko, T. (2019-02-14). "ВТБ купил Новороссийский зерновой терминал" [VTB Acquires Novorossiysk Grain Terminal] (in Russian). RBK.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  59. "КТК ввел в эксплуатацию третье выносное причальное устройство" [CPC to Put into Operation Third SBM] (in Russian). Municipal Newsline. 2014-02-06.
  60. "Экспорт нефти через терминал КТК в ноябре вырос на 3% - до 5,15 млн т" [CPC Terminal Oil Export Grows 3% in November Reaching 5.15 Mln Tons] (in Russian). Finanz.ru. 2018-12-03.
  61. Elkov, I. (2019-02-20). "Невидимки за стеной" [Ghosts Behind the Wall] (in Russian). Russian Newspaper.
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  63. Zakvaskin, A., Petrov, S. (2017-09-08). "Вторая после Севастополя: каким целям служит Новороссийская военно-морская база" [Second After Sevastopol: Purposes of Novorossiysk Naval Base] (in Russian). RT.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  64. Маркова Оксана Николаевна (2017). "Страницы скульптурной "Ленинианы": памятник В. И. Ленину в Новороссийском морском порту" [Sculptures of Lenin: Monument at the Novorossiysk Sea Port] (in Russian) (2). Heritage of Centuries: 62–66. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  65. Kirichenko, H. (2018-09-18). "Порт приписки — любимый Новороссийск" [Home Port — the Beloved Novorossiysk] (in Russian). Кубанские новости.
  66. Rozhansky, E. (2018-09-15). "На набережной Новороссийска открыли памятник портовикам" [Monument to Port Workers Opened in Novorossiysk] (in Russian). VK Press.
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  68. "В Новороссийске открылся комплекс для маломерных судов" [New Small Vessels Complex to Launch in Novorossiysk] (in Russian). Яхт-Ком. 2011-11-16.
  69. "Комплекс "Алексино порт Марина"" [’Aleksino Port Marina’ Complex] (in Russian). Yuga.ru.
  70. "Алексино порт Марина (Новороссийск) получил кран грузоподъемностью 450 тонн (фото)" [Aleksino Port Marina (Novorossiysk) gets New 450-Ton Crane (See Photos)] (in Russian). PortNews. 2017-05-16.
  71. ESIMO — Unified System of Information on the State of the World Ocean — Novorossiysk — NSP Turnover
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