Port Pirie South railway station

The railway station located at Port Pirie South bore the name "Port Pirie" from when it was built in 1876 until it was superseded in 1902 by a passenger station in the centre of Port Pirie. The new station was then assigned the name "Port Pirie railway station" and the original was named Port Pirie South railway station, in keeping with the naming of the adjacent Port Pirie South railway yards.

Inaugural "Port Pirie" railway station, located at Port Pirie South (1876 to 1910s)
When this photo was taken in 1881 it was six years since the first rails had been laid here for the new railway to the hinterland, and five years since the Port Pirie station building was erected. Loaded wheat trucks on the left indicate the main reason for constructing the line.
Location	Near Mary Elie Street, between Main Road and Wandearah Road, Port Pirie, South Australia
Coordinates	33°10′55″S 138°00′43″E
Owned by	South Australian Railways
Line(s)	Port Pirie to Gladstone, built 1875–1878 – to Petersburg 1881 – to New South Wales border 1888
Gauge Narrow – 1067 mm / 3 ft 6 in Structure Early South Australian Railways Class 1 wooden style Platform None; ground-level boarding Staffing Station master plus numerous other employees Stopping All trains (passenger terminus of line) Opened 1876 Closed After 1911 (demolished 1968) Concurrent station Ellen Street and for a few years, Solomontown Successor station Ellen Street

Articles about Port Pirie's six railway stations
	Known as	Duration	Gauge
1	This station (name changed to "Port Pirie South" in 1902)	1876 to soon after 1911	ng
2	Ellen Street	1902–1967	ng	bg*
3	Solomontown	1911–1937	ng
4	Port Pirie Junction (also dual-signposted, and known colloquially, as "Solomontown")	1937–1967	ng	bg	sg
5	Mary Elie Street	1967–1989		bg	sg
6	Coonamia	1st, 1929 to after 1937 (marker at level crossing only); 2nd, 1989–2010s			sg
* In 1937, one of the two narrow-gauge tracks along Ellen Street was made dual-gauge as far as the station by the addition of a broad-gauge rail. Track gauges: narrow, broad and standard.

The "multi-gauge muddle" in Port Pirie
At various times during a period of close to 140 years, Port Pirie had six railway stations. During the 45-year period 1937–1982, the city became well known as one of the few locations in the world having three railway gauges.[note 1] This situation was a result of transitioning from lightly constructed developmental narrow gauge lines to heavier broad gauge (which predominated in the state at the time), then to standard gauge when lines between the mainland state capitals were at last unified. As a consequence, all Port Pirie stations that succeeded the inaugural station of 1876 were either built to accommodate a change of gauge or were affected by one. The timeline, reasons for change, and gauges involved are shown in the following graphic. Timeline of Port Pirie's six railway stations (click to enlarge):

In this circa 1910 photo of Port Pirie South yard, looking north, the station building is beyond the two conjoined bow-roofed locomotive sheds. Sidings and servicing facilities have expanded. Ore trains destined for the smelters in the distance, to the north, head down the middle. Click to enlarge.

Map including the inaugural Port Pirie railway station and the evolution of Port Pirie's three railway gauges (click to enlarge)

The wooden station building was opened in 1876 at the terminus of the lightly engineered, 1067 mm (3 ft6 in) gauge railway from Port Pirie – then a town of fewer than 1,000 people – into the rich agricultural hinterland of the Mid North. The need was to transport agricultural produce more cheaply to the port for export, mainly to Great Britain, in sailing ships.[1]^:27 The following year, Port Pirie's inaugural railway station was opened. A modest weatherboard building, it was placed at the north end of the railway yards, about 250 metres (270 yards) from the town's wharves.[2] In addition to the building there were two locomotive sheds and a freight shed, coaling and watering facilities, a passing loop in front of the station building, and a few sidings.

Since the railway was such an advance over horse-drawn wagons or bullock drays over unmade roads, traffic soon increased significantly, especially when in the following year the line reached the nearest town in the hinterland – Gladstone, 52 km (32 mi) east of the port – and, more so, Petersburg,[note 2] a further 64 km (40 mi) east, in 1881.[3][4] In the years that followed, more trackage was constructed in the yards to accommodate the increased tonnages and variety of freight. The yards eventually became known as "Port Pirie South Yard", then many years later, "Pirie Main Yard".[1]^:27 [note 3]

In 1888, when the railway reached the New South Wales border, 351 km (218 mi) away, it enabled the silver-lead-zinc ore produced at Broken Hill mines to be transported to the port for smelting; the line soon became the most important of the South Australian Railways.[5] This was a vast improvement in the economics and efficiency of transporting this commodity compared with the bullock drays used previously.[6][7] The first Port Pirie furnaces began operating in 1889. The ore traffic and the smelter were to have a profound effect on the town, turning it from a bustling small port into an industrial city.[1][8]

In 1902, a new station building was opened for passengers and parcels traffic at a more convenient locality in Ellen Street, 750 metres (800 yards) further on in the centre of the town, where track was already laid down the street to the smelters a further 400 metres (440 yards) beyond. The two stations operated concurrently until the inaugural station was closed after the Solomontown station opened, in 1911.

Subsequent station (concurrent 1902–1911): Ellen Street.

See also

• South Australian Railways
• Transport in South Australia

Notes

1. The gauges were 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in), 1435 mm (4 ft 8½ in), and 1600 mm (5 ft 3 in).
2. As a result of anti-German sentiment during the First World War, Petersburg was renamed Peterborough in 1917.
3. Note that the title of the publication contains "mixed gauge" but it is referenced as "multi gauge".

References

1. "South Australia's mixed gauge muddle" (PDF). National Railway Museum [South Australia]. National Railway Museum. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
2. "Railway Station, Port Pirie [B 10440] (notes)". State Library of South Australia. State Library of South Australia. 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
3. Wilson, John (March 1970). "Port Pirie – the narrow gauge era (1873–1935)". Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin. Redfern: Australian Railway Historical Society. pp. 49–62.
4. "The Port Pirie Railway Act". Act of 1873 (PDF). Retrieved 14 August 2019.
5. Stewien, Ron (2010). A history of the South Australian Railways, volume 6: Mountains, Mikados and Pacifics. South Melbourne: Eveleigh Press. p. 12. ISBN 9781876568627.
6. Wilson, John (March 1970). "Port Pirie – The Narrow Gauge Era (1873–1935)". Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin. Redfern, NSW: Australian Railway Historical Society Inc. pp. 49–62.
7. McNicol, Steve (1981). Silverton Tramway Locomotives. Elizabeth Downs: Railmac Publications. p. 6. ISBN 0959415300.
8. Eklund, Erik (2012). Mining towns: making a living, making a life. Sydney: UNSW Press. p. 227. ISBN 9781742233529.