Philip Babington (died 1690)

Philip Babington (1632–1690) was an English military officer, who served in the armies of the Commonwealth of England, the Dutch Republic and the England. He accompanied William III to England in the 1688 Glorious Revolution and served as Member of Parliament and Governor for Berwick-upon-Tweed from 1689–1690.

Philip Babington
Berwick upon Tweed; Babington was MP and Governor in 1690
Born	1632 Heaton, Newcastle, Northumberland
Died	December 1690 (aged 57–58) Ireland
Allegiance	Commonwealth 1653–1660 Dutch Republic 1676–1688  England 1689–1690
Service/branch	Infantry
Years of service	1654 – 1660; 1674 – 1690
Rank	Colonel
Unit	Dutch Scots Brigade 1674–1688 Babingtons Regiment, later 6th Foot, 1689–1690
Battles/wars	Glencairn's rising 1651–1654 Battle of Dalnaspidal 1654 Franco-Dutch War 1672–1678 Cassel 1677 Saint-Denis 1678 Williamite War in Ireland 1689–1691 The Boyne 1690 First Siege of Athlone 1690
Awards	Governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed 1689–1690 MP for Berwick-upon-Tweed 1690

In April 1690, he was appointed Colonel of Babingtons Regiment, later the 6th Foot, which was sent to Ireland. He fought at The Boyne in July and died of disease before the end of 1690.

Life

Bolam Parish Church; Babington's first wife Katherine was excommunicated for having the priest pulled from his pulpit.

Philip Babington was born in 1632, eldest of seven surviving children of William Babington (died 1648) and Elizabeth Helmes.[1] His family had long-standing links with Northumberland; during the 1642–1646 First English Civil War, his father was county commissioner under the Militia Ordinance and a Colonel in the New Model Army.[2]

Philip attended Christ Church, Oxford in 1650 and later studied law at Gray's Inn, London; in 1662, he married Katherine, widow of George Fenwick, MP for Berwick-upon-Tweed and daughter of Arthur Hesilrige, one of the Five Members whose attempted arrest sparked the Civil Wars.

He and Katherine had a son, also called Philip, before her death in 1670; in 1679, he married Anne Webb, daughter of William Webb, headmaster of Berwick School.[3] After his death in Ireland, she received a small pension from the government; in 1707, she was still being paid an annual pension of £100.[4]

Career

Setting near Battle of Dalnaspidal, 1654; Babington's first major military action

Babington's military career began in 1654 when he was part of the Protectorate army that ended Glencairn's rising at the Battle of Dalnaspidal.[5] When the 1660 Restoration returned Charles II to the throne, he was a Captain in the Northumberland Militia.[6]

Katherine's father Sir Arthur escaped execution by the new regime but was held in the Tower of London, where he died in January 1661.[7] Shortly after his marriage, Babington moved to Harnham Hall, near Bolam, Northumberland; he and his wife were both Puritans and in 1666, Katherine was excommunicated by the Church of England for pulling the Bolam parish priest from his pulpit in protest at his sermons. As a result, she was denied churchyard burial when she died in September 1670 and Babington instead built her a tomb in the grounds of Harnham Hall, which still exists.[8]

Battle of Saint-Denis (1678), last battle of the Franco-Dutch War; Babington was wounded and taken prisoner

In 1674, Harnham Hall was leased to William Veitch (1640–1722), a Scottish Presbyterian radical outlawed from Scotland for his involvement in the 1666 Pentland Rising.[9] Babington resumed his military career by joining the Scots Brigade, a mercenary unit in the Dutch Republic whose origins went back to the 1580s. Despite the name, it normally contained three Scots and three English regiments; the latter were withdrawn when England allied with France in the 1672–1678 Franco-Dutch War but restored after the 1674 Treaty of Westminster ended their involvement. By 1674, the remaining regiments had lost much of their national identity and a deliberate policy was adopted to re-establish them as English and Scottish units.[10]

Babington was appointed Captain in one of the restored English regiments, which eventually became the 6th Foot or the Royal Warwickshire Regiment.[11] He was promoted Major after the Battle of Cassel in 1677, then wounded and taken prisoner at Saint-Denis in 1678. Released when the Treaties of Nijmegen ended the Franco-Dutch War in August, in 1682 he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the English regiment commanded by Sir Henry Belasyse.[12] At this time, his former tenant William Veitch joined the group of English and Scots exiles in Holland, one of whom was the Earl of Argyll; when James II became King in 1685, Veitch reappeared in Northumberland, recruiting for the proposed Monmouth Rebellion in South-West England and Argyll's Rising in Scotland.[13]

Babington's connection with Veitch meant that when William of Orange, later William III of England sent the Brigade to England to suppress these revolts, James demanded his dismissal. William refused, although he agreed to remove him from command of English troops; he described him as 'a very prudent and honourable man, and assuredly a very brave and excellent officer – even one of the best who have served me here of his nation.'[14] In the event, the Brigade arrived after the rebellions had been crushed and returned to the Netherlands in August without seeing any fighting.

Battle of the Boyne, July 1690

In early 1688, James demanded the repatriation of the entire Brigade; William refused to comply but used the opportunity to remove officers of doubtful loyalty.[15] For reasons that are unclear, Sir Henry Bellasyse returned to England in April 1688 and Babington replaced him as Colonel.[16] His unit formed part of the army that accompanied William to England in the Glorious Revolution of November 1688; en route, a ship carrying four of its companies was captured but the soldiers released after James went into exile.[17]

Babington was appointed Governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed and elected to the Convention Parliament as MP for Berwick-upon-Tweed.[18] In 1690, his regiment was transferred from the Dutch to the English military establishment, with its seniority backdated to 1685.[19] It was now listed as 'Babington's Regiment' or simply 'Babingtons;' at this time, regiments were considered the personal property of their Colonel and carried their name, which changed when transferred to another.[20]

In April 1690, his unit joined the army led by Frederick Schomberg fighting the Jacobites in the 1689–1691 Williamite War in Ireland. Three companies were detached to garrison Charlemont Fort after its capture in May, while the rest fought at the Battle of the Boyne in July, suffering heavy casualties.[21] Following the battle, Babington's was part of a detachment commanded by Lieutenant-General James Douglas that unsuccessfully attempted to capture the Jacobite-held town of Athlone.[22] These minor operations continued and Babington died of disease in Ireland shortly before the end of 1690.

References

1. Thrush, Andrew (ed), Ferris, John (ed). "Helmes, Sir Henry (c.1576–1627), of London and Graveley, Herts". The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604–1629. Retrieved 4 October 2018.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
2. Hayton, D(ed), Cruickshanks, E (ed), Handly, S (ed). "Babington, Philip (c.1632–1690), of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumb". The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715. Retrieved 4 October 2018.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
3. Hayton & Cruickshanks, Babington, Philip (c.1632–1690)
4. Shaw (ed), William (1952). Declared Accounts 1707: Army in Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 22, 1708. HMSO.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
5. Cherry, George (1966). The Convention Parliament 1689: A Biographical Study of Its Members. Irvington Publishers. p. 13. ISBN 978-0829001631.
6. Hayton & Cruickshanks, Babington, Philip (c.1632–1690)
7. "Biography of Sir Arthur Haselrig". BCW Project. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
8. Historic England. "Tomb of Katherine Babington (1304022)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
9. Gardner, Ginny (2004). "Veitch, William [alias William Johnston, George Johnston]". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28174. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
10. Miggelbrink Joachim (2002). McKilliop, Andrew; Murdoch, Steve (eds.). Fighting for Identity: Scottish Military Experiences c.1550–1900. Brill. pp. 91–92. ISBN 9004128239.
11. Unknown (1795). An Historical Account of the British Regiments Employed Since the Reign of Queen Elizabeth and King James I In the Formation and Defence of the Dutch Republic Particularly of the Scotch Brigade (2009 ed.). T. Kay. p. 49. ASIN B002IYDVB6.
12. "Columbine's regiment of foot". The Spanish Succession. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
13. Gardner, Veitch, William
14. Hayton & Cruickshanks, Babington, Philip (c.1632–1690)
15. Childs, John (1984). "The Scottish brigade in the service of the Dutch Republic, 1689 to 1782". Documentatieblad Werkgroep Achttiende Eeuw.: 61. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
16. "Columbine's regiment of foot". The Spanish Succession. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
17. Columbine's regiment of foot
18. Hayton & Cruickshanks, Babington, Philip (c.1632–1690)
19. Cannon, Richard (1839). Historical Record of the Sixth, or Royal First Warwickshire Regiment of Foot, containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in the Year 1674, and of its Subsequent Services to 1838. Longman, Orme and Co., and William Clowes. p. 16.
20. Chandler David, Beckett Ian (1996). The Oxford History Of The British Army (2002 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-19-280311-5.
21. Smith, Mark (2014). The History of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. lulu.com. pp. 24–28. ISBN 978-1291821192.
22. Childs, John (2008). The Williamite Wars in Ireland. Bloomsbury 3PL. pp. 232–234. ISBN 978-1847251640.

Sources

• Cannon, Richard (1839). Historical Record of the Sixth, or Royal First Warwickshire Regiment of Foot, containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in the Year 1674, and of its Subsequent Services to 1838; (Longman, Orme and Co., and William Clowes, 1839);
• Chandler David, Beckett Ian (1996). The Oxford History Of The British Army. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280311-5.
• Cherry, George; The Convention Parliament 1689: A Biographical Study of Its Members; (Irvington Publishers, 1966);
• Childs, John (2008). The Williamite Wars in Ireland. Bloomsbury 3PL. ISBN 978-1847251640.
• Gardner, Ginny; Veitch, William [alias William Johnston, George Johnston]; (Oxford DNB, 2005);
• Hayton, D(ed), Cruickshanks, E (ed), Handly, S (ed); Babington, Philip (c.1632–1690), of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumb; (The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715);
• Miggelbrink, Joachim; McKilliop, Andrew; Murdoch, Steve, eds; Fighting for Identity: Scottish Military Experiences c.1550–1900; (Brill, 2002);
• Shaw (ed), William (1952). Declared Accounts 1707: Army in Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 22, 1708. HMSO.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
• Smith, Mark (2014). The History of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. lulu.com. ISBN 978-1291821192.

External links

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