Peirano Market

The Peirano Market, also known as Peirano's Grocery and Peirano Store, is a historic building in Ventura, California. Located across the street from the Mission San Buenaventura, the red brick structure was built in 1877 and has ornamental relief brickwork and a mansard, Spanish revival tile roof.[1]

Peirano Market
Peirano Market in 2014
Location204 East Main Street, Ventura, California
Coordinates34°16′50″N 119°17′51″W
Built1877

The building housed a general merchandise store and later, a grocery store operated by the Peirano family for more than 100 years from the 1880s to the 1980s. The building was designated in 1978 as City of Ventura Historic Landmark No. 32. In 1991, archaeological remains of the San Buenaventura Mission Lavanderia were discovered beneath the building and were designated as Ventura Historic Landmark No. 85. The building is also a contributing property within the Mission San Buenaventura Historic District.

The Peirano Market building was acquired in 1987 by the San Buenaventura Redevelopment Agency and was unoccupied for more than 10 years. From August 1998 until January 2016, the building housed Jonathan's at Peirano's and later Peirano's Restaurant and the Red Room. The building has been vacant since January 2016 but is scheduled to re-open in 2018 as Peirano's Market & Delicatessen.[2]

Construction and early uses

Construction and operation by Gandolfo

In 1877, J. J. Mahoney constructed the building for Blackburn and Brooks.[1][3] Mahoney was a prominent Ventura builder during the 1870s; his other works are believed to include the Emmanuel Franz House and the Schiappapietra house.[4]

Alex Gandolfo, an Italian immigrant, was the first tenant of the building.[5][6] Gandolfo operated a general merchandise and grocery store in the building. An announcement in the Ventura Signal noted that Gandolfo moved into the store in December 1877. Gandolfo was part of a wave of Italian immigration to Ventura in the 1870s that also included the Lagomarsino, Faio, Shiappapietra, and Ferro families.[7]

Nick Peirano Sr.
The Nicola Peirano residence built in 1897

In the early 1880s, Nicola "Nick Sr." Peirano (1862-1937), a nephew of Alex Gandolfo,[8] immigrated from Genoa, Italy.[7][9][10] Nick worked in Gandolfo's store, slept in a loft at the site, and took over the business in approximately 1888 when Gandolfo left Ventura.[7] In its early years, the store sold everything from groceries to farm implements, wine, liquor, cigars, hardware, bailing wire, shotgun shells, and black powder.[11][7][1]

Nick Sr. was married in 1897 to Clara Raffetto, also an Italian immigrant. They had six children, Elvira, Cecilia, Victor, Lester, Elvinia, and Nicholas (Nick Jr.)[12] They raised their family in the Queen Anne style Peirano residence at 107 South Figueroa Street, built for Peirano in 1897 and located one block south of the store.[7]

The Peirano brothers

In 1931, Nick Jr. (1907-1994)[13] and Victor (1903-1965)[14] took over the business. Under their management, the store moved away from general merchandise and hardware sales and specialized in groceries,[15][11] adding a home delivery service.[7] Over the years, the Peirano brothers further specialized in Italian groceries, including many varieties of pasta, salami, aged cheeses, semolina flower, Petri cigars, olives, hard beans, and imported canned goods.[16][9] Customers reportedly drove from three counties to purchase Italian groceries at the store.[16]

Nick Sr. died in 1937, and Victor continued to live in the Peirano residence on Figueroa Street with his mother.[15] The Peirano family owned the residence until 1978.[17] Nick Jr. married Ruby Bounds and moved to a home in Oak View.[11][18]

In 1965, Victor Peirano died,[14] and Nick Jr. continued to operate the business on his own.[7][16]

One of the last old-time grocery stores

The Peirano Market suffered as supermarkets opened and the city's population moved east, but Nick Jr. decided to stay put. He recalled: "That was what was so unique about our store. We didn't change."[11] The business remained popular for its old-fashioned feel, including wallpaper dating to the turn of the 20th century, original sugar-pine flooring, gunny sacks full of fava beans and other staple foods, and a glass case with various pastas. The store was decorated with old cans and bottles, a vintage mail saddlebag behind the meat counter, an antique grandfather's clock received by Nick Sr. in 1904 as a premium for buying five cases of tobacco, a large kerosene lamp with brass shade hanging from the ceiling, a Model T lantern from the store's first delivery truck, and an old fire nozzle.[11][15][16][19][20] A 1973 story on the market opened: "Nostalgia and Italian delicacies are featured at the corner of Main and Figueroa streets in downtown Ventura."[18]

In 1978, the City of Ventura designated the shop and the Peirano residence (one block south of the shop) as Ventura Historic Landmark Nos. 32 and 33.[21] Nick Jr. had not sought the designation and noted: "I didn't want it to begin with. Now I can't sell the store without giving them 180 days notice. It's just more red tape."[22] The Ventura County Star-Free Press described Nick Jr. himself as "a kind of walking, talking historical landmark in Ventura."[22]

In July 1986, Nick Jr. retired and closed the store.[23][9]

Government acquisition and archaeological study

Purchase by Redevelopment Agency and installation of murals

In 1986, the City of Ventura commissioned Linda Lorr (later known as Linda Taylor), an art teacher at Nordhoff High School, to paint large-scale murals in the style of late 19th century advertisements on the building's west-facing exterior wall.[24][25][26] Nick Jr. recalled that, in his father's day, the wall was freshly painted every year or so with new advertising, accounting for "the layer-cake of colors" revealed by Lorr's preparation of the wall for her murals.[24] Lorr's murals of advertisements for Ghirardelli chocolate and Borax remain on the west-facing wall.

In 1987, after several months of discussions, the San Buenaventura Redevelopment Agency purchased the building with $83,500 of the agency's funds and a $100,000 grant from the California Office of Historic Preservation.[27][28][29] The City and Redevelopment Agency solicited proposals from prospective purchasers or tenants, but its efforts were initially stymied by the cost of earthquake reinforcement work.[1]

Archaeological excavation and assessment

In 1991, the Redevelopment Agency retained archaeologist Roberta Greenwood of Greenwood and Associates to conduct an archaeological excavation and assessment beneath the Peirano's store and the adjacent Wilson Studio building. After digging a trench below the structures, Greenwood and her colleagues discovered remains of the San Buenaventura Mission Lavanderia.[1][30] The Lavanderia, since designated as Ventura Historic Landmark No. 85,[21] was a place where Mission Chumash washed clothes and directed water to the nearby gardens.[7] The Lavanderia consisted of a central tank for holding water, buttresses on the sides of the tank, and a complex of drains, gutters, and aqueducts for carrying water to and from the laundry facility.[31] The archaeologists also discovered an abundance of artifacts, including Euroamerican and Mexican ceramics, bottles and glassware, ammunition, and Chinese artifacts, including opium pipes and paraphernalia.[32] In her report, Greenwood stated: "It would be difficult overstate the quantity and diversity of the materials observed."[33] The only Native American artifacts discovered were two fragments of stone bowls.[34]

The discovery of the Lavanderia and other artifacts underneath the building raised questions as to the relative historical importance of the Lavanderia and the Peirano Market and further complicated the City's redevelopment efforts.[7][35]

Subsequent development and use

Lengthy vacancy

In 1993, Ventura Realty Co. proposed razing the building, contending that seismic retrofitting would be too expensive.[36] A local artist, Richard Peterson, began a "Save Peirano's" campaign and advanced an alternative plan to convert the building into a museum, art gallery, gift shop, coffee house, deli, and tourist center.[37] Neither proposal came to fruition, and a debate continued as to whether the City should invest substantial funds to retrofit and renovate the building or permit it to be razed as part of a redevelopment effort. The building remained vacant for more than a decade, and concerns grew as the City's homeless population began sneaking into the building at night.[38] These concerns were exacerbated in August 1996 when a fire broke out in an upstairs storage area. The fire was labeled "suspicious" by the fire department.[39]

Restaurant uses from 1998 to 2016

In 1997, KL Associates of Oxnard purchased the building and spent $720,000 to refurbish it, including seismic work. The exterior of the buildings was preserved and restored, but the interior was not preserved, with the exception of the original wood flooring. The Lavanderia was not part of the new development and was, instead, reinforced with steel beams and buried in sand for preservation.[27]

In August 1998, after sitting idle for more than 10 years, a Mediterranean restaurant, Jonathan's at Peirano's (operated by Jonathan and Sharon Enabnit), opened at the site.[27] In 2011, ownership was transferred to Sanaa Dugan who operated the site as Peirano's Restaurant and the Red Room. Dugan sold the building in October 2015, and the restaurant closed in January 2016.[40]

Planned re-opening
Peirano Market undergoing renovation, April 2018

In 2017 and early 2018, the building's interior was renovated for the planned opening of a new Peirano's Market & Delicatessen to include a coffee and juice bar, delicatessen, fresh pastries, a meat and fish counter, and a salad bar, with patio seating in the adjacent Figueroa Plaza. Jim Rice, executive director of the Bell Arts Factory, and Linda Jordan are the proprietors.[41][42]

See also

References
  1. Josef Woodard (December 26, 1991). "History and More: Peirano's Grocery store in downtown Ventura stands atop a recent archeological find. What's a city to do?". Los Angeles Times. p. J4 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. MCKINNON, LISA (October 10, 2019). "Cafe Society: Peirano's Market to bring new life, sandwiches to historic Ventura address". Ventura County Star. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
  3. John M. Foster, Roberta S. Greenwood (October 31, 1991). Bricks, Bottles, and Bamboo: Cultural Resources Below the Peirano-Wilson Building. p. 3 – via The Museum of Ventura County (call number 979.492).CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  4. National Register of Historic Inventory—Nomination Form for the Emmanuel Franz House, 1982.
  5. Foster and Greenwood p. 3.
  6. Accounts in the clippings found in the "Peierano Family" biography file at The Museum of Ventura differ as to whether Gandolfo was the proprietor of the business at the outset. According to a 1939 paper in the file, Gandolfo began as a clerk for a man named Beronio.
  7. Cherie Brant (August 20, 1998). "Savoring The Past". The Reporter. pp. 13–15 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  8. Note: Some clippings in the "Peirano Family" biography file at The Museum of Ventura County state that Nicola Peirano and Alex Ganfolfo were cousins.
  9. Jesse Katz (November 5, 1987). "When This Market Closes, Its Stock Will Keep Rising". Los Angeles Times. pp. IX1, IX2 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. Sources disagree as to the year when Nicola immigrated. Some place it as 1880; others at 1882. The 1900 Census entry for Nicola Peirano states that he immigrated to the United States in 1880.
  11. "Peirano's: Mainstream on Main Street". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. November 22, 1987. pp. B1, B2 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  12. 1900, 1910, and 1920 U.S. Census entries for Nicola Peirano.
  13. "Nick Peirano, longtime grocer in Ventura, dies". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. March 25, 1994 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  14. "Victor Peirano Dies; Pioneer Groceryman". unknown. May 18, 1965 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  15. "Peirano's ... Where Thousands Trod". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. March 6, 1965. p. 10 – via The Museum of Ventura County (article found in "Peirano Family" biography file).
  16. Charles Hillinger (November 26, 1981). "Ventura Grocery Is Haven for Pasta-Loving Italians". Los Angeles Times. pp. 3, 19 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. "Peirano's 'painted lady' Victorian endures". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. October 19, 1992 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  18. "In a changing world, it's nice there is a Peirano's . . ". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. July 11, 1973. pp. C1, C4 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  19. Debra Behr (February 15, 1985). "Peirano's Grocery is also a Ventura historical landmark". Los Angeles Times. pp. Advertising Supplement 8–9 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. "Peirano's place: It has character, culinary curios". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. May 16, 1979. p. B1 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  21. "City of San Buenaventura Historic Landmarks & Districts". City of Ventura. May 3, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  22. "Peirano's: A museum to penny candy". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. May 7, 1978 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  23. John Krist (August 1, 1986). "Arrivederci, Peirano's Grocery! Glasses raised to passing of Ventura landmark". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. pp. A1, A2 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  24. "Old wall getting a makeover: Artist restoring murals outside grocery store". The Ventura Star-Free Press. February 9, 1986 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  25. "Muralist's historical hues". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. October 14, 1986 – via The Museum of Ventura County.
  26. "Artist completes 'performance piece'". The Ventura Star-Free Press. September 3, 1987 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  27. "In the Market for Success: Ventura Hoping for Downtown Renaissance as Restaurant Opens in Historic Peirano's". Los Angeles Times. August 27, 1998. pp. B1, B6 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. "City Council to buy Peirano building". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. July 14, 1987 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  29. "Ventura gets money to buy, fix oldest building". The Ventura County Star-Free Press. April 28, 1987 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  30. Foster and Greenwood, Bricks, Bottles, and Bamboo: Cultural Resources Below the Peirano-Wilson Building.
  31. Foster and Greenwood pp. 14-22.
  32. Foster and Greenwood pp. 27-43.
  33. Foster and Greenwood p. 1.
  34. Foster and Greenwood, p. 42.
  35. Jeff Claassen (February 7, 1992). "Ventura officials in quandary over historic laundry". The Ventura County Star-Free Press – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  36. Peggy Y. Lee (February 3, 1994). "Panel Backs Developer's Bid to Raze Historic Peirano Building". Los Angeles Times. p. B4 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. "City's old building has savior". Ventura County Star-Free Press. December 1, 1993 – via The Museum of Ventura County (museum biography file for "Peirano Family").
  38. Jeff McDonald (March 25, 1996). "Historic or History". Los Angeles Times. pp. B1, B9 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. "Fire Strikes Peirano Market". Los Angeles Times. August 6, 1996. pp. B1, B6 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. Lisa McKinnon (January 16, 2016). "Cafe Society: New restaurant sought for historic Peirano's building in Ventura". The Ventura County Star.
  41. "Peirano's Market & Delicatessen Returns in Downtown Ventura". Peirano's Market & Delicatessen. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  42. Arlene Martinez (October 4, 2016). "Peirano's seeks new life in downtown Ventura". The Ventura County Star.
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