Pebbly Arkose Formation
The Pebbly Arkose Formation is a Late Triassic geologic formation found in southern Africa.
| Pebbly Arkose Stratigraphic range: Carnian ~235–222 Ma | |
|---|---|
 Pebbly arkose outcrop, Ndepa hill, Kariba District, Zimbabwe | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Upper Karoo Group, Karoo Supergroup |
| Underlies | Forest Sandstone |
| Overlies | Escarpment Grit & Angwa Sandstone |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 16.2°S 30.3°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 50.8°S 11.9°E |
| Region | Mashonaland Central & West |
| Country |  Botswana Zambia Zimbabwe |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Descriptive name |
| Named by | A.M. MacGregor, Zimbabwe Geological Survey |
  Pebbly Arkose Formation (Africa)  Pebbly Arkose Formation (Zimbabwe) | |
Geology
Description
The formation comprises mainly coarse, arkosic sandstones.[1]
Extent
The Pebbly Arkose Formation is found in Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe, in the Mid-Zambezi, Mana Pools, Cabora Bassa and Limpopo basins.
Stratigraphy
The Pebbly Arkose Formation is part of the Upper Karoo Group, overlies the Escarpment formation (in the Mid-Zambezi and Limpopo basins)[2] and the Angwa Sandstone Formation (in the Mana Pools and Cabora Bassa Basins)[3] and underlies the Forest Sandstone Formation.[4]
The Pebbly Arkose has been correlated to the Elliot Formation of the Great Karroo Basin, South Africa[4][5] and the Mpandi Formation of the Thuli Basin in Botswana and Zimbabwe.[6]
Flora
| Pinales of the Pebbly Arkose Formation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa | Presence | Notes | Images | |
| Form genus: Dadoxylon | Widespread in the formation[7] | |||
Vertebrate fauna
| Rhynchosauria of the Pebbly Arkose Formation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa | Presence | Notes | Images | |
| Genus: Hyperodapedon[8] | Dande, Mbire District, Zimbabwe[8] |  | ||
| Sauropodomorpha of the Pebbly Arkose Formation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa | Presence | Notes | Images | |
| Genus: aff. Saturnalia [9] | Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe | |||
| Prosauropoda indet. | ||||
See also
- List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Zimbabwe
- Geology of Zimbabwe
- Molteno Formation
References
- Love, David; Ravengai, S.; Katemaunzanga, D.; Shoko, D.S.M.; Kambewa, C.; Matura, N.E. (July 2004). "The Karoo sequence in the Nyaminyami area, Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe". Abstract volume, Geoscience Africa Conference. Johannesburg, South Africa: Geological Society of South Africa. p. 135.
- Bordy, Emese M.; Catuneanu, Octavian (2001). "Sedimentology of the upper Karoo fluvial strata in the Tuli Basin, South Africa". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 33 (3–4): 605. Bibcode:2001JAfES..33..605B. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(01)00090-2.
- d'Engelbronner, E.R. (1996). "New palynological data from Karoo sediments, Mana Pools basin, northern Zimbabwe". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 23: 17. Bibcode:1996JAfES..23...17D. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(96)00049-8.
- Nyambe, Imasiku A.; Utting, John (1997). "Stratigraphy and palynostratigraphy, Karoo Supergroup (Permian and Triassic), mid-Zambezi Valley, southern Zambia". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 24 (4): 563. Bibcode:1997JAfES..24..563N. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00081-X.
- Catuneanu, O.; Wopfner, H.; Eriksson, P.G.; Cairncross, B.; Rubidge, B.S.; Smith, R.M.H.; Hancox, P.J. (2005). "The Karoo basins of south-central Africa". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 43: 211. Bibcode:2005JAfES..43..211C. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.007.
- Rogers, Raymond R.; Rogers, Kristina Curry; Munyikwa, Darlington; Terry, Rebecca C.; Bradley s.Singer (2004). "Sedimentology and taphonomy of the upper Karoo-equivalent Mpandi Formation in the Tuli Basin of Zimbabwe, with a new 40Ar/39Ar age for the Tuli basalts". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 40 (3–4): 147. Bibcode:2004JAfES..40..147R. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2004.11.004.
- Nugent, Chris (1990). "The Zambezi River: Tectonism, climatic change and drainage evolution". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 78: 55. Bibcode:1990PPP....78...55N. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90204-K.
- Raath, M. A., Oesterlen, P. M., & Kitching, J. W. (1992). "First record of Triassic Rhynchosauria (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the lower Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe". Palaentologia Africana. 29: 1–10.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Langer, M.C., Abdala, F., Richter, M., and Benton, M. (1999). "A sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of southern Brazil" Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 329: 511-;517
Bibliography
- Weishampel, David B.; Peter Dodson, and Halszka Osmólska (eds.). 2004. The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, 1–880. Berkeley: University of California Press. Accessed 2019-02-21. ISBN 0-520-24209-2
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