Peanut agglutinin

Peanut agglutinin (PNA) is plant lectin protein derived from the fruits of Arachis hypogaea. Peanut agglutinin may also be referred to as Arachis hypogaea lectin. Lectins recognise and bind particular sugar sequences in carbohydrates; peanut agglutinin binds the carbohydrate sequence Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc. The name "peanut agglutinin" originates from its ability to stick together (agglutinate) cells, such as neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes,[1] which have glycoproteins or glycolipids on their surface which include the Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc carbohydrate sequence.

Peanut Agglutinin complexed with a di-galactose. PDB entry 2dvd

Structure
Legume lectin domain
Structure of the monosaccharide binding site of lentil lectin.[2]
Identifiers
SymbolLectin_legB
PfamPF00139
Pfam clanCL0004
InterProIPR001220
PROSITEPDOC00278
SCOP21lem / SCOPe / SUPFAM

The protein is 273 amino acids in length with the first 23 residues acting and a signal peptide which is subsequently cleaved. It has a Uniprot accession of P02872. There are over 20 structures of this protein in the PDB which reveal and all beta-sheet protein with a tetrameric quaternary structure. It is a member of the Lectin_legB PFAM family.

Available Structures of peanut agglutinin

Uses in cell biology and biochemistry

Because peanut agglutinin specifically binds a particular carbohydrate sequence it finds use in a range of methods for cell biology and biochemistry. For example in PNA-affinity chromatography the binding specificity of peanut agglutinin is used to isolate glycosylated molecules which have the sugar sequence Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc. Peanut agglutinin activity is inhibited by lactose and galactose which compete for the binding site.

Other uses include:

  • Potent anti-T cell activity.
  • Distinguishing between human lymphocyte subsets.
  • Identification of cone cell inner and outer segments and to a lesser extent rod cell inner segments in the mammalian retina.[3]
  • Tumour tissue determination for transitional mucosa malignancies.
  • Identification of mammalian-infective metacyclic promastigote Leishmania major parasites from other life cycle forms also found in the sandfly host.
  • Identification of the outer acrosome membrane in sperm, indicating acrosome integrity. [4]

See also

References
  1. "PNA specification sheet Medicago AB" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  2. Loris R, Casset F, Bouckaert J, et al. (December 1994). "The monosaccharide binding site of lentil lectin: an X-ray and molecular modelling study". Glycoconj. J. 11 (6): 507–17. doi:10.1007/bf00731301. PMID 7696853.
  3. Blanks JC, Johnson LV (1984). "Specific binding of peanut lectin to a class of retinal photoreceptor cells. A species comparison". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 25 (5): 546–57. PMID 6715128.
  4. Blumer, Camile Garcia; Restelli, Adriana Ester; Giudice, Paula Toni Del; Soler, Thiesa Butterby; Fraietta, Renato; Nichi, Marcilio; Bertolla, Ricardo Pimenta; Cedenho, Agnaldo Pereira (2012). "Effect of varicocele on sperm function and semen oxidative stress". BJU International. 109 (2): 259–265. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10240.x. PMID 21592296.


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