Peace Monument (Decatur, Indiana)

Peace Monument is a cenotaph designed by Charles Mulligan. It is located at the Adams County Courthouse in Decatur, Indiana in the United States. It is a war memorial devoted to peace, active women in the American Civil War, and as a general war memorial celebrating the sacrifice of soldiers in war. Peace Monument is the first monument in the United States specifically devoted to Peace.[1]

Peace Monument
Artist	Charles Mulligan
Year	1912–1913
Type	Indiana limestone
Dimensions	490 cm × 880 cm × 262 cm (192 in × 348 in × 103.2 in)
Location	Adams County Courthouse, Decatur, Indiana, United States
	40°49′46.32″N 84°55′29.81″W
Owner	Adams County Commissioners

Description

Peace Monument is made of Indiana limestone and metal. It is a cenotaph. The front of the piece features an allegory of Peace. It is represented as a woman. She stands to the proper left. She wears armor. Her hair is in a bun. In her proper left hand she wields a shield representing the United States. She holds it in front of herself, and it sits on the ground in front of her feet. Her right arm is outstretched in front of her. It sits upon a laurel twig. The twig sits upon four furled flags. The flags lay across the top of the cenotaph, centered. She has a sword, which rests in a scabbard, strapped to her proper left side, just behind the shield.[2]

Bronze panels on either side of Peace include the names of 1,276 veterans from Adams County.[3] The back side of the cenotaph has the words inscribed:

TO THE GLORY OF OUR COUNTRY

AND IN LOVING MEMORY OF

OUR SOLDIER HEROS

TO THE WOMEN OF OUR NATION

AS A TRIBUTE TO THEIR

COURAGE DEVOTION AND SACRIFICE

The back of the cenotaph features a relief. The relief depicts a nurse treating a wounded soldier. The cenotaph used to house a fountain, which poured into a trough just beneath the relief. Near the relief, is a metal tablet that is installed on the cenotaph. The metal was taken from USS Maine. The plaque has the words IN MEMORIAM/U.S.S. MAINE inscribed on it.[2] The plaque was unearthed in 2008, during a restoration project by the county.[4] There is a bench at the cenotaph base, on which the cenotaph resides. Two urns are placed in front of the cenotaph, for plantings, they sit in front of Peace.[2]

Acquisition

The development for the sculpture was started by historian French Quinn.[2] Quinn headed up the placing of flowers on veterans graves during Decoration Day.[5] Quinn wrote an editorial in the Decatur Daily Democrat called "Let's Build a Soldiers Monument". Quinn demanded that funds be raised to build a war memorial. The result was a property tax program, supported by the Grand Army of the Republic, that helped raise the funds. The tax was 7 cents for every $100 paid.[1][5] The piece was created between 1912 and 1913. Installation began in July, 1913.[5] Development of the piece was led by Sam Henry Post, who was from the Grand Army of the Republic, and John H. Heller. The county contributed $10,000 for the piece to be created.[2] Delays in the finalization of the work pushed the dedication back by two weeks.[5] It was dedicated on October 30, 1913.[2] State Governor Samuel M. Ralston attended the ceremony.[5]

Information

Margaret McMasters Van Slyke with the Peace Monument circa 1913.

The idea for the monument was first brought to the Art Institute of Chicago, who suggested that Quinn and the city talk to Charles Mulligan.[5] Mulligan became the sculptor for the piece. It was carved by Charles Dodd. George Wemhoff of Wemhoff Monument Works engineered and his company fabricated and installed it. The cenotaph is a general war memorial, with special focus on the importance of peace and the role of women in the American Civil War. Specifically, the piece memorializes the Civil War, the Mexican–American War, the Spanish–American War, and the American Revolution.[2] The quarry used to supply the Indiana limestone for the piece, was the same that supplied the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in Indianapolis, Indiana.[5]

In 2013, the county celebrated the 100th anniversary of Peace Monument. A re-dedication ceremony was held at the site.[5]

Margaret McMasters Van Slyke

The model for Peace, was Margaret McMasters Van Slyke, who was from Chicago, Illinois.[2] Circa 1904, Van Slyke was named the "best and most perfectly formed woman" by Bernarr Macfadden.[3] Van Slyke was described as having a "fascinating type of beauty so often spoken of as Grecian..."[6]

Condition

The sculpture went through conservation and was cleaned and coated with sealant in 1991, by JRS Builders. The piece was surveyed by the Save Outdoor Sculpture! program in 1993. It was described, as of August of that year, as needing treatment.[2] In the late 1990s, portions of the cenotaph were repaired. In 2008, bronze plaques were resealed.[5] During the 2013 centennial celebration, the county aimed to raise $40,000 in order to restore the monument. Funds would also support the inscription of veterans from the county that served after 1913.[5]

References

1. Koch, Emma; Jason Meyers. "Life's Better Here: Decatur". Indiana News Center. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
2. "Peace Monument, (sculpture)". Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture. Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
3. "Peace Monuments With an Element of Glamour". Retrieved 9 March 2014.
4. "Peace Monument, Decatur, Indiana" (PDF). Adams Public Library System. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
5. Kilbane, Kevin. "Decatur prepares to celebration 100th anniversary of its Peace Monument". News-Sentinel. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
6. Granite: Published … in the Interests of the Producer, Manufacturer and Retailer of Granite as Used for Monumental Or Building Purposes. 1915. pp. 5–.