Pauline de Tourzel
Pauline de Tourzel, later Comtesse de Bearn (1771-1839), was a French noblewoman, courtier and memoir writer. She was present during the final traumatic months of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, observer to the French Revolution and survived to see their daughter return twice during the Bourbon Restorations.
Life
She was the daughter of the Marquise de Tourzel, Louise-Félicité-Joséphine de Croŷ d'Havré, the last governess of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette's children.
Experiences during the Revolution
Following her mother's appointment as governess to the children of France, Pauline lived intimately with the royal family at the Tuileries Palace. She is said to have giggled at the humour of the Comtesse de Provence, dined with the royal family, and was taught billiards by King Louis XVI himself despite not being formally presented at court, much to the horror of Mesdames Tantes Madame Victoire and Madame Sophie.
Pauline de Tourzel was adored by the dauphin Louis-Charles, who found in her a more playful alternative to his Governess, her mother, the Marquise de Tourzel, whom he was to nicknamed Madame Severe; the two were said to play endless games during the families house arrest in the Tuileries. Pauline was crucial in persuading the young dauphin to be dressed in girls clothes for the Royal Families flight to Varennes, convincing the shy young boy that it was all part of a wonderful game of soldiers. During the royal families refuge with the deputies of the National Assembly he cried constantly worrying about the fate of his beloved Pauline following the massacre at the Tuileries, only ceasing when they were reunited at the convent.
During her time in the Tuileries and later the Temple Prison, Pauline developed an intimate friendship with Marie Antoinette's eldest daughter Marie Thérèse who was only a few years her junior.
During the 10 August (French Revolution), the royal family, Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, their two children, the king's sister, Madame Elizabeth, the Queen's close friend the Princesse de Lamballe, and Pauline's mother, the children's governess, fled to safety, seeking refugee with the deputies of the National Assembly moments before the storming of the Tuileries by a Parisian mob. The Princess de Tarante offered to look after Pauline, who was to stay behind with the other women that still served, whilst her mother went with the royal family to Hôtel de Ville, seeking refuge with the National Assembly. Pauline de Tourzel herself suggested that the ladies-in-waiting, who gathered in one of the queen's chambers, should shut the windows and illuminate the room. When the mob entered the chamber where the ladies-in-waiting were gathered, the Princesse de Tarente, according to Pauline de Tourzel, approached one of the revolutionaries and asked for his protection.[1] He agreed, and escorted her and Pauline de Tourzel from the palace.[2] Following this example, the rest of the ladies-in-waiting departed the palace in about the same way.[3] The princesse de Tarente and Pauline de Tourzel was escorted from the palace by the rebel, who left them on the street; they were there discovered by a mob who brought them to prison, but the prison director let them free, and de Tarente brought de Tourzel with her to her grandmother, from which she could later be united with her mother.[4]
Pauline rejoined her mother and the royal family at the convent where the assembly had detained them on the following day. Pauline accompanied the Royal family when they were transferred into the Temple Prison where she slept in the kitchen with Madame Elizabeth.
On the 19th of August Pauline along with her mother, The Marquise de Tourzel and the Princesse de Lamballe were removed to the La Force Prison for interrogation. Prior to the September massacres, an unidentified Englishman helped Pauline escape from the prison; she was soon joined by her mother, who also escaped the massacres, though their fellow prisoner Princesse de Lamballe was killed.
She and her mother were advised by their rescuer, a "Monsieur Hardi", to leave Paris because Pauline had had escaped the prison illegally and was in danger of arrest, and they left for the countryside, were they lived incognito in Vincennes and at the property of her son in Aboundant outside of Dreux.[5]
She continue to visit Marie Thérèse throughout her confinement in the Temple Prison, and continued to write to her during her exile after she left France in 1795, sending her a flower from the grave of her parents.
Later life
Pauline de Tourzel married Alexandre Léon Luce de Galard de Brassac de Béarn, and was thereafter known as Comtesse de Bearn. Because of their well known sympathies for the Bourbon family, they were not well regarded by emperor Napoleon and their correspondence was reportedly surveilled by the secret police.
Pauline and Marie Thérèse were reunited on 29 April 1814 at the Palace of Compiegne following the Bourbon restoration. Pauline became a lady-in-waiting to Marie Thérèse and went with her to the graves of her parents Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. She accompanied Marie Thérèse on her trip around France, to provinces like Bordeaux but was eventually parted from her on 3 August 1830 following the abdication of Charles X.
References
- Cléry, Jean Baptiste Cant Hanet. A Journal of the Terror: being an account of the occurrences in the Temple during the confinement of Louis XVI, by M. Cléry the King's valet-de-chambre (London: Folio Society, 1955)
- Fraser, Antonia. Marie Antoinette: The Journey (London: Phoenix, 2006)
- Nagel, Susan. Marie Therese: The Fate of Marie Antoinette's Daughter (London: Bloomsbury, 2008)
- Marie-France Brive: Les Femmes et la Révolution française. L'effet 89. Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail. Centre de promotion de la recherche scientifique. Colloque international. Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 1989.
- Notes
- Memoirs of the Dutchess de Tourzel, governess to the children of France during the years 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793 and 1795, 1886
- Memoirs of the Dutchess de Tourzel, governess to the children of France during the years 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793 and 1795, 1886
- Madame Campan, Memoirs of the Court of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, Project Gutenberg
- Memoirs of the Dutchess de Tourzel, governess to the children of France during the years 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793 and 1795, 1886
- Memoirs of the Dutchess de Tourzel, governess to the children of France during the years 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793 and 1795, 1886
