Paul Bieniasz

Paul Darren Bieniasz is a British-American virologist whose main area of research is HIV/AIDS. He is currently a professor of retrovirology at the Rockefeller University. He received the 2015 KT Jeang Retrovirology Prize[1] and the 2010 Eli Lilly and Company Research Award.[2] Bieniasz has been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator since 2008.[3]

Paul Bieniasz
Born(1968-01-02)January 2, 1968
Norfolk, UK
Alma mater
Spouse(s)Theodora Hatziioannou
Awards
  • Elizabeth Glaser Award, 2003
  • Eli Lilly and Company Research Award, 2010
  • K.T. Jeang Retrovirology Prize, 2015
Scientific career
Institutions

Early life and education

Paul Bieniasz was born in Norfolk in 1968. His grandfather moved to England from Poland at the outbreak of the World War II. Bieniasz grew up in Lincolnshire where he attended The King's School, Grantham.[4] In 1990, he graduated from the University of Bath with a B.Sc. in biochemistry. Later, he joined the laboratory of Myra McClure at St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School, at the Imperial College London University of London. He completed his doctoral thesis in 1996 on foamy viruses entitled "Foamy viruses: Phylogeny, replication and exploitation for gene transfer."[5]

Career

In 1996, Paul Bieniasz joined Bryan Cullen's lab at Duke University as a postdoctoral associate. At Duke, Bieniasz studied several aspects of the HIV-1 life cycle, including the determinants of specificity in the viral envelope with the cellular receptor CCR5[6] and HIV-1 Tat interaction with host factors.[7] Bieniasz started his own independent lab in 1999 at the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center and Rockefeller University in New York. Initially he worked on understanding how later steps of viral infection, such as assembly and budding, were inhibited in rodent cells.[8] This interest in viral budding came to define Bieniasz's career. Bieniasz showed that the retroviral protein Gag assembles at the plasma membrane,[9] recruiting the viral genome[10] by hijacking a specialized cellular protein complex involved in membrane vesicle trafficking, the ESCRT complex.[11] Together with his wife and colleague, Theodora Hatziioannou, they identified several host-specific factors that restrict replication of HIV-1 in macaques. Tetherin, a potent antiviral factor, was also discovered in his lab and shown to be counteracted by the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu.[12] Subsequently, another inhibitor of HIV-1 replication was discovered in his lab, Mx2, a cellular protein shown to inhibit post-entry steps of the HIV-1 infection.[13] In recent years, Paul Bieniasz's group has focused on viral RNA interactions with cellular proteins; in particular, his group showed that APOBEC3G is recruited to virions by interaction with the viral RNA,[14][15] and that CG-depletion of HIV-1 genomes is a mechanism to evade the antiviral, RNA-binding protein ZAP.[16] Bieniasz acted as Chair of the NIH AIDS Molecular and Cellular Biology study section from 2004 to 2009 and served on the NCI Board of Scientific Counselors from 2010 to 2014.

References
  1. "Paul D. Bieniasz wins the KT Jeang Retrovirology prize 2015 - On Biology". On Biology. 2015-10-07. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
  2. "American Society for Microbiology honors Paul D. Bieniasz". EurekAlert!. American Society for Microbiology. 2 March 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  3. "Paul D. Bieniasz, PhD | HHMI.org". HHMI.org. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
  4. "Paul Bieniasz | This Week in Virology".
  5. CSHL Leading Strand (2014-11-11), CSHL Keynote, Dr Paul Bieniasz, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, retrieved 2018-05-31
  6. Bieniasz PD, Fridell RA, Aramori I, Ferguson SS, Caron MG, Cullen BR (May 1997). "HIV-1-induced cell fusion is mediated by multiple regions within both the viral envelope and the CCR-5 co-receptor". The EMBO Journal. 16 (10): 2599–609. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.10.2599. PMC 1169871. PMID 9184207.
  7. Bieniasz PD, Grdina TA, Bogerd HP, Cullen BR (December 1998). "Recruitment of a protein complex containing Tat and cyclin T1 to TAR governs the species specificity of HIV-1 Tat". The EMBO Journal. 17 (23): 7056–65. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.23.7056. PMC 1171053. PMID 9843510.
  8. Bieniasz PD, Cullen BR (November 2000). "Multiple blocks to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in rodent cells". Journal of Virology. 74 (21): 9868–77. doi:10.1128/JVI.74.21.9868-9877.2000. PMC 102023. PMID 11024113.
  9. Jouvenet N, Neil SJ, Bess C, Johnson MC, Virgen CA, Simon SM, Bieniasz PD (December 2006). "Plasma membrane is the site of productive HIV-1 particle assembly". PLOS Biology. 4 (12): e435. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040435. PMC 1750931. PMID 17147474.
  10. Jouvenet N, Simon SM, Bieniasz PD (November 2009). "Imaging the interaction of HIV-1 genomes and Gag during assembly of individual viral particles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (45): 19114–9. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10619114J. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907364106. PMC 2776408. PMID 19861549.
  11. Jouvenet N, Zhadina M, Bieniasz PD, Simon SM (April 2011). "Dynamics of ESCRT protein recruitment during retroviral assembly". Nature Cell Biology. 13 (4): 394–401. doi:10.1038/ncb2207. PMC 3245320. PMID 21394083.
  12. Neil SJ, Zang T, Bieniasz PD (January 2008). "Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu". Nature. 451 (7177): 425–30. Bibcode:2008Natur.451..425N. doi:10.1038/nature06553. PMID 18200009.
  13. Kane M, Yadav SS, Bitzegeio J, Kutluay SB, Zang T, Wilson SJ, Schoggins JW, Rice CM, Yamashita M, Hatziioannou T, Bieniasz PD (October 2013). "MX2 is an interferon-induced inhibitor of HIV-1 infection". Nature. 502 (7472): 563–6. Bibcode:2013Natur.502..563K. doi:10.1038/nature12653. PMC 3912734. PMID 24121441.
  14. Zennou V, Perez-Caballero D, Göttlinger H, Bieniasz PD (November 2004). "APOBEC3G incorporation into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles". Journal of Virology. 78 (21): 12058–61. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.21.12058-12061.2004. PMC 523273. PMID 15479846.
  15. York A, Kutluay SB, Errando M, Bieniasz PD (August 2016). "The RNA Binding Specificity of Human APOBEC3 Proteins Resembles That of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid". PLOS Pathogens. 12 (8): e1005833. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005833. PMC 4991800. PMID 27541140.
  16. Takata MA, Gonçalves-Carneiro D, Zang TM, Soll SJ, York A, Blanco-Melo D, Bieniasz PD (October 2017). "CG dinucleotide suppression enables antiviral defence targeting non-self RNA". Nature. 550 (7674): 124–127. Bibcode:2017Natur.550..124T. doi:10.1038/nature24039. PMC 6592701. PMID 28953888.
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