Pascaline Dupas

Pascaline Dupas is a French economist whose research focuses on development economics and applied microeconomics, with a particular interest in health, education, and savings. She is an associate professor in economics at Stanford University, holds senior fellowships at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research and the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and is a co-chair of the Poverty Action Lab's health sector.[1] She received the Best Young French Economist Prize in 2015.

Pascaline Dupas
OccupationFrench economist

Biography

In 1999, Pascaline Dupas earned the equivalent of a B.A. in economics and econometrics from the prestigious grande école École Normale Supérieure in Paris (rue d'Ulm), followed by a M.Sc. in economic analysis and policy in 2000 and a Ph.D. in economics in 2006 from the Paris School of Economics. Throughout her graduate studies, she held various visiting positions at MIT, Harvard University and New York University. Following her graduate studies, Dupas held assistant professorships at Dartmouth College (2006-2008), UCLA (2008-2011), and Stanford (2011-2014). She was promoted to associate professor with tenure in 2014.[2] In addition to her work as researcher and teacher, she also worked as an (associate) editor for a variety of academic journals in economics, including the Review of Economic Studies, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Econometrica and the Journal of Development Economics.

Research

Pascaline Dupas' research studies the challenges that households and governments in developing countries face in relation to a broad range of issues in education, finance and especially health, the latter subject being one in which Dupas has particularly strong expertise.[3] Methodologically, Dupas' research generally relies on the use of field experiments such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Core topics of her work include the prevention of diseases such as Malaria and HIV, the effect of teacher incentives, and the saving behaviour of poor people. Key findings of Dupas' research include the following:

  • Tracking not only benefits high-achieving students by raising the quality of their peers but also low-achieving ones by allowing teachers to adjust the level of instruction to the students' level of prior knowledge (with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer).[4]
  • Women in developing countries face larger barriers to saving and investment than men and thus benefit strongly from the introduction of free formal saving services such as non-interest-bearing bank accounts (with Jonathan Robinson).[5]
  • Free provision of anti-malarial insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is more effective than distribution under cost-sharing and, considering the large positive externality related to the widespread use of ITNs, would likely decrease the cost per life saved (with Jessica Cohen).[6]
  • Group savings and credit schemes as well as simply providing poor people with a safe place to keep money substantially increase health savings, though earmarking features were only effective for individuals who are frequently taxed by their social relations or for funds earmarked for emergencies (with Jonathan Robinson).[7]
  • Providing teenagers with information about the fact that the risk of HIV infection increases with the age of the sexual partner reduces teen pregnancies (and unprotected sex) more effectively than information focusing on abstinence.[8]
  • Providing schools in Kenya with contract teachers didn't increase the scores of students taught by civil service teachers, who reduced effort and attempted to usher the teaching contracts to relatives, but did increase the scores of students taught by contract teachers; a school governance programme giving parents more influence on hiring decisions through school committees reduced the capture by regular teachers (with Duflo and Kremer).[9]
  • Offering a one-time subsidy for an ITN in Kenya increases households' willingness to pay a year later by helping people learn about the benefits of the good and doesn't cause anchoring, thus suggesting an important role for short-run subsidies in promoting the long-run adoption of new health products.[10]
  • Households' willingness to pay for a private water connection is high if it can be purchased on credit because it sustainably increases well-being by increasing leisure time and reducing inter- and intra-household conflicts related to water but not by improving health, stressing the relevance of households' access to credit (with Duflo, William Parienté, Vincent Pons and Florencia Devoto).[11]
  • An abstinence-focused curriculum doesn't affect teen pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases (STIs), whereas education subsidies can be effective in reducing adolescent girls' dropout, pregnancy, and marriage but not STIs (with Duflo and Kremer).[12]

Geographically, most of Dupas' work focuses on (western) Kenya, which - along with other factors - has raised questions as to what degree her findings can be translated to other contexts.[13] According to IDEAS/RePEc, Pascaline Dupas ranks among the top 4% of economists registered on the platform (June 2017).[14]

Selected awards and honours

Sources
  1. Profile on the J-PAL website.
  2. Pascaline Dupas' CV on her website at Stanford University.
  3. Dupas, P. (2011). Health Behavior in Developing Countries. Annual Review of Economics, 3, pp. 425-449.
  4. Duflo, E., Dupas, P., Kremer, M. (2011). Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya. American Economic Review, 101(5), pp. 1739-1774.
  5. Dupas, P., Robinson, J. (2013). Savings Constraints and Microenterprise Development: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Kenya. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(1), pp. 163-192.
  6. Cohen, J., Dupas, P. (2010). Free Distribution or Cost-Sharing? Evidence from a Randomized Malaria Prevention Experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125(1), pp. 1-45.
  7. Dupas, P., Robinson, J. (2013). Why Don't the Poor Save More? Evidence from Health Savings Experiments. American Economic Review, 103(4), pp. 1138-71.
  8. Dupas, P. (2011). Do Teenagers Respond to HIV Risk Information? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Kenya. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3(1), pp. 1-34.
  9. Duflo, E., Dupas, P., Kremer, M. (2015). School governance, teacher incentives, and pupil-teacher ratios: Experimental evidence from Kenyan primary schools. Journal of Public Economics, 123, pp. 92-110.
  10. Dupas, P. (2014). Short-run subsidies and long-run adoption of new health products: evidence from a field experiment. Econometrica, 82(1), pp. 197-228.
  11. Devoto, F. et al. (2012). Happiness on tap: piped water adoption in urban Morocco. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 4(4), pp. 58-99.
  12. Duflo, E., Dupas, P., Kremer, M. (2015). Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya. American Economic Review, 105(9), pp. 2757-97.
  13. Over, M. (January 18th, 2008). Sachs Not Vindicated. Center for Global Development. Retrieved on June 12th, 2017.
  14. Pascaline Dupas' rank in IDEAS/RePEC (retrieved June 12th, 2017).
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