Pasar Kliwon, Pasar Kliwon, Surakarta

Pasar Kliwon is one of the villages in the Pasar Kliwon in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia.

Pasar Kliwon
Village
Pasar Kliwon
Location in Java
Coordinates: 7.583358°S 110.831890°E / -7.583358; 110.831890
Country Indonesia
ProvinceCentral Java
CitySurakarta
DistrictPasar Kliwon
Elevation
93 m (305 ft)
Population
 (2012)
 • Total5,404
 Statistics of Pasar Kliwon[1]
Time zoneWIB (UTC+07:00)
Postal Code
57118
Area code(s)0421
Pasar Kliwon Village, circa 1857 to 1874

It is in the heart of Pasar Kliwon district and is known as the Arab quarter of Surakarta. Many of the mosques in this village have different architecture than those located elsewhere in Surakarta.

In earlier times, Pasar Kliwon was also the residence of clerks of Surakarta Sunanate. The clerks used a different style of Javanese script, called Pasar Kliwonan script.

History

The word Kliwon is originated from the name of the fifth-day in 5-day calendar system in javanese tradition,[2] while Pasar is originally from word Bazaar which means a market in Indonesian language. [3][4][5]).

The market used to be crowded and busy every Kliwon day. According to one story, the market was initially known as the cattle market, especially for trading goats and sheep but transformed to a general market emphasizing in textile-related businesses.

During East Indies ruling in nineteenth century, Arab immigrants, mostly Hadhrami people were categorized as East Foreigners within the colonial social structure through Stelsel Wijken (Districts system) policy.[6] The population was required to live in a special determined area and was led by a captain appointed by the government. The aim was to make them less harmful and easily supervised by the Dutch government that fear of Islam and Arab descents. The Dutch government decided to put the Arab immigrants in Pasar Kliwon area.[7]

The economic foundation of these Hadhrami immigrants is formed by production and distribution of textile, mainly batik, sarong and kain tenun (woven fabrics). They also produce and sell prayer caps (songkok, taqiyah), tasbih, and other accessories for prayers. The population of Arab-Indonesians in Pasar Kliwon is 24.6% of total population in the village, which is the densest within the city of Surakarta. 95.8% of the residents are Muslims.[8] Some of Javanese call these Arab-Indonesians Encik, which originally a greeting to young women in Malay language but means "Boss" according to the local terminology (because many of them are successful in business and being employers of the indigenous Javanese). The word later considered scornful by the Arab-Indonesians of Surakarta.[8] Almost all are adherents to Shafi'i Madhab and many are of Ba'alawiya, except a handful minority who adhere to shiism, Salafism or Wahhabism. There is also a handful minority population of Indian and Pakistani descent in Pasar Kliwon, for example Abdullah Tufail, a Pakistani who founded Majelis Ta'lim Al-Qur'an (MTA) in 1972 in Pasar Kliwon.[9]

Some of known figures grown up in the area, among others, are Haidar Bagir (businessman, scholar), his maternal uncle Abdillah Thoha (a politician and businessman; cofounder of National Mandate Party), and Anis bin Hadi (businessman).[10] Many of the residents go to Diponegoro (formerly al-Rabithah) school, an offshoot of Jamiat Kheir school, sometime in their life. Pasar Kliwon is also known as the place where the commander of Cakrabirawa Lieutenant Colonel Untung Syamsuri grew up. Untung was one of the persons responsible in the 30 September Movement Coup d'etat. Untung's father, Abdullah, was a worker at Batik equipment store in Pasar Kliwon. He went to an elementary school in Ketelan in Banjarsari, another sub-district not too far from Pasar Kliwon.[11] It is also the place where an Economic scholar,[12] a Pluralist and an activist with the Liberal Islamic Network (Jaringan Islam Liberal, JIL)[13] Dawam Raharjo grew up.

Gurawan Region in Pasar Kliwon always looks different every 20th of Rabi' al-thani of Islamic calendar, especially at al-Riyadh mosque, where thousands of visitors and guests from different regions across the country flock to the mosque to participate in the Khaul ceremony commemorating the great scholar Habib Ali bin Muhammad al-Habshi who died on 20th Rabi' al-Thani and is buried in Seiyun, Hadhramaut. Habib Ali is known for his Islamic preaching and also as the author of Simthud Durar, the Mawlid book of the praises and poetry tribute to Prophet Muhammad. The book containing the story of the birth, nature, morality, and the history of the Prophet is used across the country and recited during various Mawlid events.[14]

The khaul is performed in Indonesia (Pasar Kliwon) because Habib Alwi bin Ali Al-Habshi which is Habib Ali's son, was the first to perform Mawlid of Habib Ali bin Muhammad al-Habshi in Surakarta. He was also the founder of the al-Riyadh Mosque in Pasar Kliwon, which he named it after the mosque in Seiyun built by his father.[14]

During the mawlid, the book Simthud Durar is recited and after the Khaul ceremony has been performed, the organizer provides special Nasi Kebuli (a mixed variation of Mandi food and Kabuli Palaw) banquet as tradition of Pasar Kliwon which is always awaited and sought after by visitors.[14]

Weather

Pasar Kliwon, as part of Surakarta, has a tropical rainforest climate.[15] Throughout the year the humidity is about average annual precipitation of around 1362 mm. The average annual high temperature in Pasar Kliwon is around 82.67 °F (28.15 °C) and the annual low temperature is 71.0 °F (21.7 °C).

Climate data for Pasar Kliwon
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 27
(81)		 27
(81)		 28
(82)		 28
(83)		 29
(85)		 28
(83)		 29
(84)		 27
(81)		 27
(81)		 29
(85)		 29
(84)		 28
(82)		 28.15
(82.67)
Average low °C (°F) 22
(71)		 22
(71)		 22
(71)		 21
(70)		 22
(71)		 22
(72)		 22
(71)		 21
(69)		 21
(70)		 22
(71)		 23
(73)		 22
(72)		 22
(71)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 350
(13.8)		 294
(11.6)		 200
(7.9)		 117
(4.6)		 105
(4.1)		 63
(2.5)		 36
(1.4)		 24
(0.9)		 30
(1.2)		 90
(3.5)		 160
(6.3)		 300
(11.8)		 1,769
(69.6)
Source: http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Surakarta-weather-averages/Jawa-Tengah/ID.aspx

References
  1. "Solo Kota Kita" (in Indonesian). Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  2. Kumar, Ann (2013). Java and Modern Europe: Ambiguous Encounters. Routledge. p. 172. ISBN 9781136790850.
  3. "Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Retrieved August 25, 2015.
  4. Russell, Jones (2008). Loan-words in Indonesian and Malay. KITLV-Jakarta. ISBN 978-9794617014. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  5. Nigel Phillips; Khaidir Anwar (eds.). "Papers on Indonesian languages and literatures". 13 of Cahier d'Archipel. Indonesian Etymological Project, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1981: 63. ISBN 978-0950747408. Retrieved August 25, 2015. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. Shalihah, Nurus (2009). Tradisi Haul Habib Ali Al-Habsyi Masyarakat Muslim Muhibbin Di Pasar Kliwon Surakarta Tahun 1980 - 2006 (PDF) (Thesis). Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret. Retrieved Jan 4, 2015.
  7. "Pasar Kliwon Solo". Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  8. Suhadi (2013). "I Come from a Pancasila Family": A Discursive Study on Muslim-christian Identity Transformation in Indonesian Post-reformasi Era. Interreligious Studies. 6. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 54. ISBN 978-3-643904652.
  9. Burhanudin, Jajat; van Dijk, Kees (2013). Islam in Indonesia: Contrasting Images and Interpretations Volume 16 of ICAS Publications - Edited Volumes Series ICAS Publications Series. 16. Amsterdam University Press. p. 230. ISBN 9789089644237.
  10. van der Velde, Paul; McKay, Alex, eds. (1998). New Developments in Asian Studies: An Introduction. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-710306067. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  11. Editors of Great Publisher (2009). Buku Pintar Politik: Sejarah, Pemerintahan, dan Ketatanegaraan (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Galang Press Group. p. 47. ISBN 978-9-791973700.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  12. Mahd, Adnan (August 24, 2014). "Studi Pemikiran Dawam Rahardjo tentang Muhkamat-Mutasyabihat, Masyarakat, dan Khilafah". 4dn4nm4hd1. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  13. Muryanto, Bambang (February 5, 2014). "M. Dawam Rahardjo: Champion of pluralism and religious freedom". Jakarta Post. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  14. "Haul Habib Ali bin Muhammad al-Habsyi di Pasar Kliwon". Chic-id. May 28, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  15. "Climate: Surakarta". Retrieved June 18, 2015.
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