Papilio zalmoxis

Papilio zalmoxis, the giant blue swallowtail, is an African butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae. The name of the species is given in honor of Zalmoxis – a divinity of the Getae (a people of the lower Danube), mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories IV, 93–96.

Giant blue swallowtail
Blue sheen - mounted specimen
From the DRC, green sheen - mounted specimen
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Family:
Papilionidae
Genus:
Papilio
Species:
P. zalmoxis
Binomial name
Papilio zalmoxis
Synonyms
  • Icarus zalmoxis f. sufferti Röber, 1898
  • Icarus zalmoxis f. ripponi Röber, 1898
  • Papilio zalmoxis ab. cinereus Schultze, 1913

Description

Papilio zalmoxis has a wingspan reaching about 12–16 centimetres (4.7–6.3 in) and it is the second largest African swallowtail. The colour of the upperside of the wings is usually blue but can be greenish, contrasting with the light-gray color of the underside of the wings. Previously thought to produce the blue colour by Tyndall scattering,[2] the scales of Papilio zalmoxis are not nanostructured for incoherent scattering, instead the blue is a fluorescent pigmentary colour.[3]

The uppersides of the forewings have narrow black stripes between black veins. The tip of the wings is black. Uppersides of the hindwings have a black marginal band, with a chain of blue spots. The body is bright yellow. Females are slightly smaller than males, and less brightly colored. The background colour of its wings is yellowish brown.

Distribution

Papilio zalmoxis is an African butterfly, living in tropical areas (Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, Nigeria, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zaire, Ivory Coast).

References
  1. "Afrotropical Butterflies: File C – Papilionidae - Tribe Papilionini". Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
  2. Huxley, J. (Jun. 30, 1976). The Coloration of Papilio zalmoxis and P. antimachus, and the Discovery of Tyndall Blue in Butterflies. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 193:(1113):441-453.
  3. Prum, Richard O.; Tim Quinn & Rodolfo H. Torres (2006-02-15). "Anatomically diverse butterfly scales all produce structural colours by coherent scattering". J. Exp. Biol. Jeb.biologists.org. 209 (4): 748–65. doi:10.1242/jeb.02051. PMID 16449568. S2CID 22654532. Retrieved 2014-03-21.


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