Papaver orientale

Papaver orientale, the Oriental poppy,[2] is a perennial flowering plant[3] native to the Caucasus, northeastern Turkey, and northern Iran.[4]

Oriental poppy
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Papaveraceae
Genus: Papaver
Species:
P. orientale
Binomial name
Papaver orientale
Türkenlouis red, highly fringed
Olympia orange
Papillon pink
Cedric Morris salmon pink
Pattys Plum plum

Oriental poppies grow a mound of leaves that are hairy and finely dissected in spring. They gather energy and bloom in mid-summer. After flowering the foliage dies away entirely, a property that allows their survival in the summer drought of Central Asia. Gardeners can place late-developing plants nearby to fill the developing gap.

Cultivation

Papaver orientale usually thrives in soil pH 6.5 to 7.5 and in full sun or part shade. Seeds are sown after the potential of frost has passed, the average temperature is approximately 21 °C and when soil has thoroughly warmed. The seeds are sown at a depth of about one centimeter, or less as light may stimulate germination. Oriental Poppies do not handle transplanting or over-watering well. Germination period is 10–20 days. Mulch can be used to protect the plant over the winter and deadheading will produce a second flower.

Cultivars

In addition to its natural brilliant orange-scarlet, since the later 19th century selective breeding for gardens has created a range of colors from clean white with eggplant-black blotches (Barr's White is the standard against which other whites are measured), through clear true pinks and salmon pinks to deep maroons and plum. In addition petals may be creased or fringed, such as Türkenlouis.

Cultivars (those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit):-[5]

NameColour
Aglaja agm[6]salmon pink
Barr's Whitewhite
Beauty of Livermerered
Black and White agm[7]white/black
Brilliantred
Carnivalwhite/orange/red
Carouselwhite/orange picotee
Cedric Morris agm[8]pale pink/black
Effendi agm[9]pale orange
Fatimawhite/pink picotee
GI Joered (double)
Helen Elizabethpink
Indian Chiefmahogany red
John III agm[10]orange-red
Karine agm[11]pale pink / red
NameColour
Khedive agm[12]pale salmon / black
Leuchtfeuer agm[13]orange
Lighthouse agm[14]pale pink/maroon
Maiden's Blushwhite
Olympiaorange
Papillonpink
Patty's Plumplum
Perry's Whitewhite
Picoteewhite/orange picotee
Pinnaclewhite/red
Royal Weddingwhite
Türkenlouisred
Watermelonpink

Oriental poppies are closely related to the great scarlet poppy Papaver bracteatum, which can be grown for the commercial extraction of thebaine, a common starting material for the production of semisynthetic medicinal opioids.[15]

References
  1. Linne, Carl von (1753). Species Plantarum. Holmiae :Impensis Laurentii Salvii. p. 508.
  2. "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2014-10-23. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  3. USDA Profile
  4. "Papaver orientale". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  5. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 71. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  6. "RHS Plant Selector - Papaver orientale 'Ajaga'". Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  7. "RHS Plant Selector - Papaver orientale 'Black and White'". Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  8. "RHS Plant Selector - Papaver orientale 'Cedric Morris'". Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  9. "RHS Plant Selector - Papaver orientale 'Effendi'". Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  10. "RHS Plant Selector - Papaver orientale 'John III'". Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  11. "RHS Plant Selector - Papaver orientale 'Karine'". Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  12. "RHS Plant Selector - Papaver orientale 'Khedive'". Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  13. "RHS Plant Selector - Papaver orientale 'Leuchtfeuer'". Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  14. "RHS Plant Selector - Papaver orientale 'Lighthouse'". Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  15. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Thebaine, CID=5324289, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Thebaine (accessed on Apr. 2, 2020)

Sources

Media related to Papaver orientale at Wikimedia Commons

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