Oswald Rishbeth

Oswald Henry Theodore Rishbeth[1] (né Rischbieth 1886, in Mount Gambier, South Australia – 1946) was an Australian geographer who was Professor and Chair of Geography at the University of Southampton, England.[2] He is considered a pioneer of academic geography in Britain.[3][4][5] He was the husband of zoologist Kathleen Rishbeth.

Early life and education

Oswald Rishbeth was born Oswald Rischbieth in Mount Gambier, the son of a merchant from Hanover, Germany.[6] His father was Heinrich Carl Rischbieth (1840-1921).[7] Oswald had five brothers and two sisters.

Rischbieth home, Mount Gambier, 1862

In Mount Gambier, Rishbeth was taught classics by Hartley Williams. He continued his education at Kyre College in Adelaide (now Scotch College.)[8] In 1905, he won an essay contest in the Mount Gambier Caledonian Society Competition.[9]

After Kyre College, Rishbeth studied Classics at the University of Adelaide, obtaining a first-class honors B.A. in Classics in November 1909.[10]

While in Adelaide, Rishbeth taught at Adelaide High School during 1910.[11] He obtained a Rhodes Scholarship to the University of Oxford, where he studied classics and geography at Merton College.[6][3] At Oxford he was "made an honorary Post-Master (i.e., scholar) of his college," a position that "ranks as one of some prominence in the college and college life of Oxford", and was elected to the Jowett Society, a philosophical discussion forum.[12] At Oxford he may have attended lectures by archeologist John Myres, then the Wykeham Professor of Ancient History.[13]:1

He had intended to continue studying for a Ph.D. in Germany,[12] but could not as a result of the war.

Military service

During World War I, Rishbeth served as an Intelligence Officer in Diplomatic Corps of the British Army, anglicizing his name to Rishbeth.[6][11][14] He was posted to the Aegean Sea and was "involved in operations in and around the Dodecanese."[13]:1 Having studied Greek at Adelaide,[15] during the war he was "a member of the British delegation which went to Athens to endeavor to induce King Constantine to join with the allies." As a result, in 1918 he was awarded the order of the Knight of the Savior of the Greek Nation, "in recognition of his services there."[16][13]:1

The war provided Rishbeth's introduction to geography and his move away from classics. Rishbeth had been involved in the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division of the Admiralty, writing "geographical handbooks on various parts of the world."[4] Variants of these handbooks were also used in World War II.

Academic career

After the war, despite his background in classics, Rishbeth was attracted to geography "because of the opportunity it afforded ... to construct a synthesis of the different fields of knowledge concerned with man/environment relationships."[3] He taught geography at University College, Aberstwyth and later the University of Southampton.[6] At Aberystwyth he taught under Professor Herbert John Fleure.[17]

Some of his early research was inspired by his military service. In 1919 Rishbeth presented research on the Dodecanese islands, where he had served in the war, to the British Association for the Advancement of Science. In March 1920 he was invited by the Royal Geographical Society to respond to a lecture on the Dodecanese by John Myres, together with Eleftherios Venizelos, then Prime Minister of Greece. This interest continued; Rishbeth's last paper, albeit unpublished, was on the "corn supply of ancient Greece."[13]:1–2

Rishbeth joined the faculty at Southampton in 1922[13]:2 and from 1926 was the first chair of historical geography,[14] serving until 1938.[17]:142 There he was described as:

a tall individual, somewhat aristocratic in manner but kindly and generous to students. He was hardly a good teacher but had an excellent style as a lecturer and performed well with the carefully preepared topics which he handled... [he] did well in re-establishing his Department as a new force in the quest for geography.[17]

He was known for his compilation of geography textbooks that were used in schools in multiple Australian states.[14] He published research on the geography of Central South England[18] and Central Australia.[19][20] In 1926, he led a geographic survey of the Hampshire district,[21] and later contributed a study of land utilization in Southampton.[22] In 1923 he published a new theory on the structure of the earth.[23]

In 1933, Rishbeth was a founding member of the Institute of British Geographers.[24] He was involved in the joint committee to form an "Association of University Geographers."

Rishbeth retired due to ill health in 1938.[25] His correspondence and papers are held at Oxford University's Bodleian Library.[26]

Family

Oswald's uncle was Charles Rischbieth (17 May 1840 – 6 February 1921), a leading businessman in the early days of the colony of South Australia. Through his cousin Henry Wills Rischbieth[27] he was related to influential social reformer Bessie Rischbieth.

In September 1917 Rishbeth married Kathleen Haddon (1888-1961), an Irish-born anthropologist and zoologist, in Cambridge.[28][6][29] He had three children,[30] including the biologist John Rishbeth,[6] and physicist Henry Rishbeth.[28] His brother, W. A. Rischbieth, served in the Australian Flying Corps at the Front in World War I.[16]

One of his nephews was Charles Rischbieth Jury, a poet and academic at the University of Adelaide.

References
  1. "Oswald Henry Theodore Rishbeth deceased, The Advertiser, Thu 24 Oct 1946.
  2. "O. H. T. Rishbeth", Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 1, 1951.
  3. Edwards, K.C., "The Broadening Vista", Geography, Vol. 52, No. 3 (July 1967), pp. 245-259 (15 pages).
  4. Darby, H.C., "Academic Geography in Britain: 1918-1946", Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Vol. 8, No. 1, The Institute of British Geographers 1933-1983: A Special Issue of Transactions to Mark the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Institute (1983), pp. 14-26.
  5. Keltie, Sir John Scott, "The Position of Geography in British Universities", Oxford University Press, 1921.
  6. Wood, R.K.S., "John Rishbeth. 10 July 1918-1 June 1991", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Vol. 41 (Nov., 1995), pp. 360-376 (17 pages)
  7. OBITUARY, Border Watch, Tue 8 Feb 1921.
  8. Read, Peter, and Alex Pouw-Bray, "Ninety Years at Torrens Park: the Scotch College Story", Wakefield Press, 2010.
  9. MOUNT GAMBIER CALEDONIANSOCIETY COMPETITIONS, The Register, Mon 9 Oct 1905, p. 3.
  10. The University: Examination for the Honors Degree of B.A., November 1909 Pass list, The Advertiser, Mon 29 Nov 1909
  11. Craig Campbell, "Adelaide High School: Inventing a state high school", Dehanz, March 6, 2019.
  12. "PERSONAL", The Advertiser, Tue 10 Feb 1914.
  13. Wagstaff, Malcolm, "The Contribution of Early Travel Narratives to the Historical Geography of Greece - A Lecture", The University of Oxford, 2004.
  14. "Visiting English Teachers", Border Watch, Mount Gambier, SA: Tues 12 Sep 1950.
  15. University of Adelaide, Evening Journal, Adelaide, SA: Fri 29 Nov 1907.
  16. Mount Gambier and District, The South Eastern Times, Millicent, SA, Tue 2 Jul 1918.
  17. Steel, Robert W. (ed.), "British Geography 1918-1945", Cambridge University Press.
  18. Rishbeth, O. H. T., "Central South England", in Great Britain: Essays in Regional Geography, (Ogilvie, ed.), Cambridge University Press 1958.
  19. Shaw, Albert (ed.), "Economic Possibilities of Central Australia", The American Review of Reviews, Volume 67.January–June 1923.
  20. Water Supply in Central Australia, Nature, December 16, 1922, p. 822
  21. Geographical Teacher, Volume 13, Geographical Association., 1926, p. 449.
  22. Hoyle, B.S., "Seaport Studies at Southampton: a research review", Department of Geography Discussion Papers, The University, Southampton, 1983.
  23. Recent Geographical Literature, Maps, and Photographs Added to the Society's Collection, Issues 13-24, The Society, 1923, p. 80.
  24. steel, Robert Walter, "The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years", Institute of British Geographers, 1984, p. 4.
  25. Commonwealth Universities Yearbook, Universities Bureau of the British Empire, 1938, p. 339.
  26. "Rishbeth, Oswald Henry Theodore (fl 1910) Geographer", National Archives, accessed January 30, 2020.
  27. Rischbieth, Henry Wills (1869–1925), Pastoral Review, 16 September 1925, p 781.
  28. Mendillo, M., "Henry Rishbeth: A remembrance", 25th CEDAR Meeting, Boulder, CO., June 2010.
  29. http://slatters.org.uk/Trumpington/f7930.htm
  30. Obituary, Man, Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 62 (Jan., 1962), pp. 10-12 (3 pages)
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