Ostrea equestris

Ostrea equestris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Ostreida
Family:	Ostreidae
Genus:	Ostrea
Species:	O. equestris
Binomial name
	Ostrea equestris; Say, 1834

Ostrea equestris, commonly known as the crested oyster or horse oyster,[1] is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Ostreidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North and South America, ranging from Virginia to Patagonia.

Description

The crested oyster is a rather irregular triangular or oval shape and grows to a length of about 5 cm (2 in). The two valves are quite different; the left one is deeply concave, has a raised margin and is fixed to the substrate while the right one is flattish and fits inside the other. The valves are thick with variable surface sculpturing, the whitish colour being obscured by mud, algal growth and encrusting organisms. The inside of the valves is pearly grey or greenish, and the muscle scar is colourless, a fact that distinguishes this species from the much larger eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) which has a purple muscle scar.[1]

Distribution and habitat

The species is found in shallow water on the Atlantic coast of North, Central and South America. Its range extends from Virginia in the United States southwards to San Matías Gulf in Patagonia. It grows on rocks, shells, jetties, oil platforms and other hard substrates in the subtidal zone.[2][3][4]

Uses

The crested oyster has been eaten by humans for at least 6,000 years; the empty shells have been found in shell middens dating to that period on the coast of the Santa Lucía River basin where there were lagoons beside the estuary.[3] Other mollusc remains found in these middens include the bivalves Mytilus edulis and Plicatula gibbosa, which grow on hard surfaces, and Erodona mactroides, Tagelus plebeius, Mactra sp., Anomalocardia flexuosa, and the gastropods Buccinanops deformis and Heleobia sp., all of which are found on soft sediment in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones; this suggests that they were gathered locally from the estuarine environment.[3]

References

Bowling, Brenda (4 December 2019). "Crested oyster: Ostrea equestris". Identification Guide to Marine Organisms of Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
Abbott, R.T.; Morris, P.A. A Field Guide to Shells: Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995. 35.
Beovide, Laura; Martínez, Sergio & Norbis, Walter (2017). "Space use patterns and resource exploitation of shell middens from the Río de La Plata Coast (ca. 6000–2000 years BP), Uruguay". In Mondini, Mariana; Muñoz, A. Sebastián & Fernández, Pablo M. (eds.). Zooarchaeology in the Neotropics. Springer International Publishing. pp. 94–95. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57328-1_6. ISBN 978-3-319-57326-7.
Markwith, Anne Lyons (2010). Distribution patterns and select life history characteristics of Ostrea equestris Say, 1834 in southeastern North Carolina (PDF) (MSc thesis). University of North Carolina Wilmington. Retrieved 21 February 2020.

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[Texas-1] Bowling, Brenda (4 December 2019). "Crested oyster: Ostrea equestris". Identification Guide to Marine Organisms of Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Retrieved 21 February 2020.

[2] Abbott, R.T.; Morris, P.A. A Field Guide to Shells: Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995. 35.

[Beovide-3] Beovide, Laura; Martínez, Sergio & Norbis, Walter (2017). "Space use patterns and resource exploitation of shell middens from the Río de La Plata Coast (ca. 6000–2000 years BP), Uruguay". In Mondini, Mariana; Muñoz, A. Sebastián & Fernández, Pablo M. (eds.). Zooarchaeology in the Neotropics. Springer International Publishing. pp. 94–95. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57328-1_6. ISBN 978-3-319-57326-7.

[4] Markwith, Anne Lyons (2010). Distribution patterns and select life history characteristics of Ostrea equestris Say, 1834 in southeastern North Carolina (PDF) (MSc thesis). University of North Carolina Wilmington. Retrieved 21 February 2020.