Osornophryne sumacoensis

Osornophryne sumacoensis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Ecuador and only found in the forests surrounding a small crater lake on the eastern slopes of Sumaco, a volcano in the Napo Province.[1][2][3]

Osornophryne sumacoensis
Head shape in lateral view of Osornophryne sumacoensis female
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Osornophryne
Species:
O. sumacoensis
Binomial name
Osornophryne sumacoensis
Gluesenkamp, 1995

Description

Osornophryne sumacoensis females measure about 32.5 mm (1.28 in) in snout–vent length (mean of three individuals). Skin has many tubercles. The back and limbs are blueish-black, but the belly is blue with black spots. Head is small.[3]

Osornophryne sumacoensis can be active both day and night. It is a terrestrial species. During the daytime specimens have been found under leaf-litter.[1][3]

Reproduction

Osornophryne sumacoensis has direct development. Eggs are laid on soil under vegetation.[1]

Habitat and conservation

Osornophryne sumacoensis inhabits the cloud forest surrounding the lake, at 2,500–2,800 m (8,200–9,200 ft) asl. The forest is dominated by bamboo (Chusquea sp.), Ficus, and other trees up to 20 m (66 ft) tall.[1][3]

The species lives within the Sumaco Napo-Galeras National Park. Volcanic eruption is a threat to this species restricted to a single location.[1]

References
  1. Coloma, L.A.; Ron, S.; Cisneros-Heredia, D. & Almandáriz, A. (2004). "Osornophryne sumacoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54859A11203411. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54859A11203411.en.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Osornophryne sumacoensis Gluesenkamp, 1995". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  3. Coloma, L. A.; Páez-Moscoso, D.; Frenkel, C.; Félix-Novoa, C. & Quiguango-Ubillús, A. (2014). "Osornophryne sumacoensis". Ron, S. R., Guayasamin, J. M., Yanez-Muñoz, M. H., Merino-Viteri, A., Ortiz, D. A. y Nicolalde, D. A. 2014. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2014.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
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