Orocrambus sophistes

Orocrambus sophistes is a moth in the family Crambidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. This species has been classified as Nationally Vulnerable by the Department of Conservation.

Orocrambus sophistes
Male

Nationally Vulnerable (NZ TCS)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Crambidae
Genus: Orocrambus
Species:
O. sophistes
Binomial name
Orocrambus sophistes
(Meyrick, 1905)[2]
Synonyms[3]
  • Crambus sophistes Meyrick, 1905

Taxonomy

This species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1905 using a specimen collected by J. H. Lewis in Ida Valley, Otago.[4] Meyrick named the species Crambus sophistes.[3] In 1928 George Vernon Hudson also described and illustrated Crambus sophistes.[5] In 1975 David E. Gaskin wrongly synonymised this species with Orocrambus cyclopicus.[6][7] However its transfer into the genus Orocrambus has been accepted.[8] The type specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London.[3]

Description

Meyrick described the male of the species as follows:

♂︎. 17 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous, suffusedly mixed with whitish ; palpi 5. Antennae dark grey. Abdomen whitish, basal half brassy. Fore-wings very elongate, narrow, gradually dilated, costa gently arched, apex somewhat acute, termen rounded, rather strongly oblique ; fuscous, irregularly irrorated with grey-whitish ; a short suffused dark fuscous mark along dorsum towards base ; a slender white streak, edged with scattered dark fuscous scales, along fold from base to middle, thence acutely angulated inwards to near dorsum, this portion edged posteriorly with some dark fuscous suffusion ; two dark fuscous dots longitudinally placed in disc about ​2⁄3 ; two sub-terminal series of short blackish dashes on veins, and a third less complete on termen : cilia whitish, with two interrupted fuscous lines. Hind-wings fuscous-whitish ; cilia ochreous-white.[4]

The female of the species is flightless.[9] Although this species resembles other endemic species in its genus, it can be distinguished by labial palps.[5] It can be distinguished from O. cyclopicus as it is larger in size and its female is short winged.[10]

Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand.[2][8] The range of this species is the Mackenzie Basin, Central Otago and Otago Lakes.[9] O. sophistes is possibly extinct in its type locality.[9] This species has been collected at Devils Elbow at Coronet Peak.[11]

Life cycle and behaviour

Adults have been observed from mid-January to April.[10] The male of the species is attracted to light.[10]

Habitat

O. sophistes is a dryland specialist[12] and occurs in short tussock grasslands where its host plant is a common component.[9]

Host species

O. sophistes is associated with the endemic grass Festuca novae-zealandiae.[9]

Conservation status

This moth is classified under the New Zealand Threat Classification system as being Nationally Vulnerable.[1] The reduction in the range of this species aligns with the contraction of range of its endemic host along with the fact that, as a result of the flightlessness of the female, this species has a limited ability to disburse.[9]

References
  1. Hoare, R.J.B.; Dugdale, J.S.; Edwards, E.D.; Gibbs, G.W.; Patrick, B.H.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Rolfe, J.R. (2017). Conservation status of New Zealand butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), 2015 (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Department of Conservation. p. 7. ISBN 9781988514383.
  2. "Orocrambus sophistes (Meyrick, 1905)". Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  3. Dugdale, J. S. (1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa" (PDF). Fauna of New Zealand. 14: 147. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  4. Meyrick, Edward (1905). "Notes on New Zealand Lepidoptera". Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 1905 (2): 219–244. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1905.tb02451.x. Retrieved 6 May 2018 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  5. Hudson, G. V. (1928). The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. Wellington: Ferguson & Osborn Ltd. p. 169.
  6. Gaskin, D. E. (10 March 1975). "Revision of the New Zealand Crambini (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambinae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 2 (3): 265–363. doi:10.1080/03014223.1975.9517878.
  7. Patrick, Brian H. (2004). "Conservation of New Zealand's tussock grassland moth fauna". Journal of Insect Conservation. 8 (2/3): 199–208. doi:10.1023/B:JICO.0000045818.29222.65.(subscription required)
  8. Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity, Volume Two, Kingdom Animalia: Chaetognatha, Ecdysozoa, Ichnofossils. Vol. 2. Christchurch, N.Z.: Canterbury University Press. p. 457. ISBN 9781877257933. OCLC 973607714.
  9. Patrick, Brian; Dugdale, John S. (2000). Conservation status of the New Zealand Lepidoptera (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 29. ISBN 978-0478218671.
  10. Patrick, Brian H. "Orocrambus sophistes (Meyrick, 1905)". www.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  11. Crown Pastoral Land Tenure Review Coronet Peak Conservation Resources Report - Part 2 (PDF) (Report). Land Information New Zealand. 2006. p. APPENDIX 6: Invertebrate Species List. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  12. Patrick, Brian; Patrick, Hamish (2013). "Ecological observations of the eastern Volcanic Plateau endemic grassmoth Orocrambus jansoni". The Weta. 46: 13–19.
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