Order of battle at the Battle of Lowestoft
The ships that participated in the Battle of Lowestoft, a naval engagement between the English and Dutch off the English port of Lowestoft on 13 June (New Style) 1665 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. 95 English ships (later rising to 100 when ships joined during the battle), commanded by James Stuart, Duke of York, faced 107 Dutch ships led by Jacob van Wassenaer, Baron Obdam. The battle ended in a victory for the English, capturing 9 Dutch ships and sinking 8 others, for the loss of only one ship (the Charity).
The Battle of Lowestoft, 13 June 1665, showing Royal Charles and the Eendracht by Hendrik van Minderhout, painted c. 1665
British fleet
Although the fleet list dated 10 May (20 May N.S.) names 109 vessels of the 6th Rate and above, 19 had been detached for other duties before the battle, while 5 previously unlisted vessels had arrived. Thus there were 95 ships at the commencement of the battle. 5 of the detached vessels rejoined the fleet during the battle, bringing the total to exactly 100 ships.[1] This total included 24 hired merchantmen (indicated as such in the 'Notes' column).
The White Squadron
The White (or Van) Squadron was under Prince Rupert - his flagship being the Royal James.
| Ship | Guns | Commander | Notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Van Division | |||||||
| Colchester | 28 | Captain Daniel Helling | |||||
| Triumph | 70 | Vice-Admiral Christopher Myngs | |||||
| Monck | 54 | Captain Thomas Penrose | |||||
| Newcastle | 48 | Captain Thomas Page | |||||
| Lion | 52 | Captain Edward Spragge | |||||
| Ruby | 46 | Captain William Jennens | |||||
| Expedition | 30 | Captain Tobias Sackler | |||||
| John and Abigail | 40 | Captain Joseph Sanders | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Happy Return | 40 | Captain John Hubbard | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Katherine | 36 | Captain Thomas Elliot | Hired merchantman | ||||
| John and Katherine | 36 | Captain John Whately | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Centre Division | |||||||
| Reserve | 46 | Captain John Tyrwhit | |||||
| Rainbow | 56 | Captain Willoughby Hannam | |||||
| Exchange | 36 | Captain Samuel Wentworth | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Revenge | 58 | Captain Robert Holmes | |||||
| Royal James | 78 | Admiral Prince Rupert Flag-captain John Kempthorne |
|||||
| Garland | 28 | Captain Charles Talbot | |||||
| Hound | 8 | Captain James Coleman | Fireship | ||||
| Dolphin | 4 | Captain William Gregory | Fireship | ||||
| Assurance | 32 | Captain John Jeffries | |||||
| Mary Rose | 48 | Captain William Reeves | |||||
| Henrietta | 58 | Captain Walter Wood | |||||
| Bendish | 42 | Captain Robert Taylor | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Portland | 46 | Captain John Aylett | |||||
| Rear Division | |||||||
| East India Merchant | 44 | Captain John Wilgresse | Hired merchantman | ||||
| St. Andrew | 60 | Captain Valentine Pine | |||||
| Advice | 40 | Captain William Poole | |||||
| Bear | 42 | Captain John Waterworth | |||||
| Constant Katherine | 40 | Captain Francis Sanders | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Kent | 46 | Captain Thomas Ewens | |||||
| Anne | 58 | Captain Arnold Brown | |||||
| Resolution | 58 | Rear-Admiral Robert Sansum | Sansum killed in the battle | ||||
| Milford | 28 | Captain John Seale | |||||
| Small craft | |||||||
| Hind | 8 | Captain John Withers | Ketch | ||||
| Sea Venture | |||||||
| James | |||||||
| Desire | |||||||
| Little Sampson | |||||||
| William & Mary | |||||||
The Red Squadron
The Red (or Centre) Squadron was under the Duke of York - his flagship being the Royal Charles.
| Ship | Guns | Commander | Notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Van Division | |||||||
| Bristol | 48 | Captain John Hart | |||||
| Gloucester | 58 | Captain Robert Clark | |||||
| Royal Exchange | 46 | Captain Giles Shelley | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Diamond | 46 | Captain John King | |||||
| Martin Galley | 14 | Captain Richard White | |||||
| Royal Oak | 100 | Vice-Admiral Sir John Lawson | Lawson died of his wounds after the battle | ||||
| Norwich | 24 | Captain John Wetwang | |||||
| Guinea | 36 | Captain John Abelson | Abelson killed in the battle | ||||
| St. George | 60 | Captain Joseph Jordan | |||||
| Coast Frigate | 34 | Captain Thomas Lawson | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Dover | 46 | Captain Jeffery Pearse | |||||
| King Ferdinando | 36 | Captain Francis Johnson | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Centre Division | |||||||
| Plymouth | 56 | Captain Thomas Allin | |||||
| Fountain | 30 | Captain Jean Baptiste du Tiel | |||||
| Blackamore | 38 | Captain Richard Neales | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Mary | 58 | Captain Jeremiah Smith | |||||
| Happy Return | 50 | Captain James Lambert | |||||
| Royal Charles | 80 | James, Duke of York Sir William Penn Flag-captain John Harman |
|||||
| Mermaid | 28 | Captain Jasper Grant | |||||
| Fame | 12 | Captain John Gethings | Fireship | ||||
| Bramble | 8 | Captain Nepthali Ball | Fireship | ||||
| Antelope | 46 | Captain John Chicheley | |||||
| Old James | 68 | Captain James Ley, 3rd Earl of Marlborough | Marlborough killed in the battle | ||||
| Loyal George | 42 | Captain John Earle | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Yarmouth | 52 | Captain Thomas Ayliffe | |||||
| Vanguard | 56 | Captain Jonas Poole | |||||
| Convertine | 48 | Captain John Pearce | |||||
| Charity | 46 | Captain Robert Wilkinson | Sunk by Dutch fireship | ||||
| Rear Division | |||||||
| Eagle | 44 | Captain Thomas Hendra | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Amity | 36 | Captain John Parker | |||||
| Satisfaction | 46 | Captain Richard May | Hired merchantman | ||||
| HMS Fairfax | 58 | Captain Robert Salmon | |||||
| Swiftsure | 60 | Rear-Admiral Sir William Berkeley | |||||
| Bonaventure | 40 | Captain Arthur Laughorne | |||||
| Portsmouth | 38 | Captain Robert Mohun | |||||
| George | 40 | Captain Robert Hatubb | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Leopard | 54 | Captain Richard Beach | |||||
| Sapphire | 38 | Captain Henry Hyde | |||||
| Loyal Merchant | 44 | Captain Robert Sanders | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Small craft | |||||||
| Roe | 8 | Captain James Lock | Ketch | ||||
| Eaglet | 8 | Captain William Berry | Ketch | ||||
| St. George | |||||||
| Bachelor | |||||||
| Isabella | |||||||
| Hopeful Margaret | |||||||
| Seaflower | |||||||
| Edward & Eve | |||||||
The Blue Squadron
The Blue (or Rear) Squadron was under Earl of Sandwich - his flagship being the Royal Prince.
| Ship | Guns | Commander | Notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Van Division | |||||||
| Forester | 28 | Captain Edward Cotterell | |||||
| Royal Katherine | 70 | Rear-Admiral Thomas Teddeman | |||||
| Essex | 52 | Captain Richard Utber | |||||
| Marmaduke | 38 | Captain John Best | |||||
| Princess | 52 | Captain George Swanley | |||||
| Golden Phoenix | 36 | Captain Samuel Dickinson | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Adventure | 36 | Captain Benjamin Young | |||||
| Society | 36 | Captain Ralph Lascelles | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Dreadnought | 58 | Captain Henry Terne | |||||
| Prudent Mary | 36 | Captain Thomas Haward | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Centre Division | |||||||
| Dragon | 38 | Captain John Lloyd | |||||
| Centurion | 46 | Captain Robert Moulton, Jr. | |||||
| Montagu | 58 | Captain Henry Fenne | |||||
| Oxford | 24 | Captain Philemon Bacon | |||||
| Prince Royal | 86 | Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich Flag-captain Roger Cuttance |
|||||
| Pembroke | 28 | Captain Thomas Darcy | |||||
| Bryar | 12 | Captain Richard Cotton | Fireship | ||||
| Dunkirk | 54 | Captain John Hayward | |||||
| Breda | 46 | Captain Robert Kirby | Kirby killed in the battle | ||||
| John & Thomas | 44 | Captain Henry Dawes | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Swallow | 46 | Captain Richard Hodges | |||||
| Madras | 42 | Captain John Norbrook | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Rear Division | |||||||
| Jersey | 48 | Captain Hugh Hide | |||||
| Hambro' Merchant | 36 | Captain James Cadman | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Hampshire | 40 | Captain George Batts | |||||
| Castle frigate | 36 | Captain Philip Euatt | Hired merchantman | ||||
| Assistance | 40 | Captain Zachary Brown | |||||
| Unicorn | 56 | Captain Henry Teddiman | |||||
| Providence | 30 | Captain Richard James | |||||
| York | 58 | Captain John Swanley | |||||
| Henry | 70 | Vice-Admiral Sir George Ayscue | |||||
| Guernsey | 28 | Captain Humphrey Connisby | |||||
| Small craft | |||||||
| Nonsuch | 8 | Captain Robert Crossman | Ketch | ||||
| Thomas & Rebecca | |||||||
| Hopewell | |||||||
| John | Smack | ||||||
| John | Hoy | ||||||
| Two Sisters | |||||||
Of the ships which had been on the 10 May fleet list but had been detached (excluding the five which rejoined during the battle), the merchantman Good Hope had been captured by the Dutch on 20 May, the Merlin was in the Thames, the Coventry and Lizard were at Portsmouth, the Little Mary at Plymouth, the Paradox at Scilly, the merchantman Maryland was in Harwich ("defective"), the Success in Lowestoft, the Speedwell at Newcastle, the Little Gift in Ireland and the Truelove in the Downs. Three more were engaged in scouting - the Paul, Hector and Blackamoor (a pink). None of these was larger than 5th Rate.[2]
Dutch fleet
The Dutch fleet comprised 107 ships carrying 4,864 guns and 21,613 men.[3] Of these 107 ships, 81 were ships of the line from the five Dutch Admiralties, while 11 were hired merchantmen from the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostinische Compagnie), indicated by "VOC" in the lists below. There were also 9 frigates and 6 three-mast yachts. The Admiralty to which a ship belonged as indicated by a letter in parenthesis preceding the name:
- (A) Amsterdam Admiralty
- (F) Friesland Admiralty
- (M) Maas (or Rotterdam) Admiralty
- (N) Noorderkwartier Admiralty
- (Z) Zeeland Admiralty
No attempt can be made to indicate order of battle as the Dutch had not adopted the line-ahead system at this date, but the ships are indicated by squadron, within each of which the order of precedence is given, with the ships of the admiral, vice-admiral and rear-admiral listed first.
Squadron Command ships
| Squadron | Squadron Commander | Flagship | Guns | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (Amsterdam) | Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam | Eendracht | 72 | [4] |
| 2nd (Zeeland) | Lieutenant-Admiral Johan Evertsen | Hof van Zeeland | 58 | [5] |
| 3rd (Maas) | Lieutenant-Admiral Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer | Groot Hollandia | 68 | [6] |
| 4th (Friesland) | Lieutenant-Admiral Auke Stellingwerf | Zevenwolden | 58 | |
| 5th (Amsterdam) | Vice-Admiral Cornelis Tromp | Liefde | 70 | [7] |
| 6th (Zeeland) | Vice-Admiral Cornelis Evertsen the Elder | Vlissingen | 46 | [8] |
| 7th (Noorderkwartier) | Vice-Admiral Volckert Schram | Wapen van Nassau | 60 | [9] |
The 1st (Amsterdam) Squadron
| Ship | Guns | Commander | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| (M) Eendracht | 72 | Jacob van Wassenaer, Baron Obdam | Sunk by magazine explosion |
| (A) Amsterdam | 54 | Vice-Adm Abraham van der Hulst | |
| (A) Huis Tijdverdrijf | 58 | SbN (Rear-Adm) Albert Klaaszoon Graeff | |
| (A) Huis te Kruiningen | 58 | Jacob Andrieszoon Swart | |
| (A) Vrijheid | 50 | Jan van Amstel | |
| (A) Landman | 44 | Hugo van Nieuwenhof | |
| (A) Vrede | 40 | Hendrik Gotskens | |
| (A) Stad Gouda | 48 | Otto van Treslong | |
| (A) Dom van Utrecht | 48 | Jacob Willemszoon Broeder | |
| (A) Harderwijk | 46 | Jacob Wiltschut | |
| (A) Haarlem | 46 | Adam van Brederode | |
| (A) Zeelandia | 34 | Balthazar van de Voorde | |
| (A) Gouden Ster | 36 | Herman Egbertszoon Wolff | |
| (A) Brack | 18 | Gerrit Polanen | |
| VOC Maarseveen | 78 | Jan Jacobszoon de Reus | Burnt by fireship |
The 2nd (Zeeland) Squadron
| Ship | Guns | Captain | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Z) Hof van Zeeland | 58 | Johan Evertsen | |
| (M) Klein Hollandia | 54 | SbN (Rear-Admiral) Jan de Liefde | |
| (Z) Utrecht | 50 | Cornelis Evertsen the Younger | Burnt |
| (Z) Middleburg | 46 | Jacon Adriaanszoon Pens | |
| (Z) Wapen van Zeeland[10] | 36 | Bastiaan Tuyneman | |
| (Z) Delft[11] | 34 | Jan Banckert | Captured by HMS Leopard & Breda[12] |
| (Z) Zeelandia | 34 | Simon Blok | Captured by HMS Centurion[13] |
| (Z) Schakerloo[14] | 29 | Jan Krijnssen | |
| (M) Prins Maurits | 53 | Marinus de Clercq | |
| (M) Dordrecht | 46 | Jacob Cleydyck | |
| (M) Wapen van Utrecht | 36 | Christiaan Eldertsen | |
| (M) Delft[15] | 36 | Jacob van Boshuisen | |
| (M) Schiedam | 25 | Adriaan Solderwagen | |
| VOC Oranje | 76 | Bastiaan Senten | Sunk |
| (M) Lapende Hert (yacht) | 8 | Pieter Wijnbergen | |
| (Z) Dieshouk (yacht) | 6 | Jan Pieterszoon Tant |
The 3rd (Maas) Squadron
| Ship | Guns | Captain | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| (M) Groot Hollandia | 68 | Laurens Davidszoon van Convert | |
| (A) Oosterwijk | 68 | Vice-Adm Dirck Schey | |
| (A) Stavoren | 48 | Vice-Adm Nicolaas Marrevelt | |
| (A) Hilversum | 58 | Albert Mathijszoon | Captured by HMS Bristol[16] |
| (A) Zuiderhuis | 50 | Joost Verschuur | |
| (A) Doesburg | 48 | Ysbrandt de Vries | |
| (A) Vereenigte Provincien | 48 | Cornelis van Hogenhoeck | |
| (A) Duivenvoorde | 48 | Hendrik van Tholl | |
| (A) Wakende Boei | 48 | Anthony de Martre | |
| (A) Ter Goes | 46 | Gebrant Boes | Sunk by fireship |
| (A) Harderin | 38 | Lieuwe van Hasevelt | |
| (A) Maagd van Enkhuizen | 38 | Johannes van der Mars | |
| (A) Overijssel | 36 | Jan van Blankenburch | |
| VOC Delfland | 70 | Jeuriaan Jeuriaanse Pod | |
| VOC Sphera Mundi | 41 | Apolonia Poel |
The 4th (Friesland) Squadron
| Ship | Guns | Captain | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| (F) Zevenwolden | 58 | Lieut-Adm Auke Stellingwerf | |
| (F) Groningen | 40 | Vice-Admiraal Rudolf Coenders | |
| (F) Prinses Albertina | 52 | SbN (Rear-Adm) Hendrik Dirkszoon Bruynsveld | |
| (F) Oostergo | 68 | Allart Piersen de Boer | |
| (F) Elf Steden | 54 | Tjerk Hiddes de Vries | |
| (F) Westergo | 52 | Jan Janszoon Vijselaar | |
| (F) Omlandia | 44 | Cornelis Allartszoon Oostrum | |
| (F) Klein Frisia | 40 | Wytse Beyma | |
| (F) Postillon van Smirna | 40 | Barend Hiddes de Vries | |
| (F) Hollandia | 40 | Joost Michielszoon | |
| (A) Phesant | 38 | Jacob Pieteys | |
| (A) Ijlst | 36 | Willem Codde van der Burgh | |
| VOC Huis te Zwieten | 70 | Cornelis Crijnssen de Rechter | |
| VOC Mars | 50 | Heyn Klaaszoon Kat | Captured by HMS Assurance[17] |
| VOC Ruijter [18] | 18 | Jan de Vogel | Captured [19] |
The 5th (Amsterdam) Squadron
| Ship | Guns | Captain | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Liefde[20] | 70 | Vice-Adm Cornelis Tromp | |
| (A) Koevorden[21] | 56 | Gilles Thijssen Campen | |
| (A) Kampen | 48 | Pieter Salomonszoon | |
| (A) Luijpaard | 58 | Kommer Gerritszoon | |
| (A) Stad en Lande | 56 | Jan de Haan | |
| (A) Tromp | 48 | Adriaan van Rheede | |
| (A) Huis te Jaarsveld | 48 | Thomas Fabritius | |
| (A) Raadhuis van Haarlem | 48 | Jan Adelaar | |
| (A) Groningen | 48 | Pieter Janszoon Uyttenhout | |
| (A) Zon | 48 | Hendrik van Vollenhoven | |
| (A) Wapen van Edam | 38 | Cornelis Gerritszoon Burger | Captured[22] |
| (A) Schager Roos | 38 | Joosten Smient | |
| (A) Asperen | 36 | Adriaan van Veen | |
| (A) Vollenhoven | 30 | Hendrik Haeckroy | |
| (A) Fortuin | 14 | Laurens Bruyn | |
| (N) Prinses Roijaal | 40 | Adriaan Teding van Berkhout | |
| VOC Nieuw Batavia | 50 | Jan Pieterszoon Onclaer |
The 6th (Zeeland) Squadron
| Ship | Guns | Captain | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Z) Vlissingen | 46 | Vice-Adm Cornelis Evertsen | |
| (Z) Kampveere | 46 | SbN (Rear-Adm) Adriaan Banckert | |
| (N) Drie Helden Davids[23] | 50 | Pieter Bronsaart | |
| (Z) Dordrecht' | 46 | Adriaan de Haaze | |
| (Z) Zeeridder | 34 | Jan Willem Marinissen | |
| (Z) Goes | 30 | Adriaan van Cruiningen | |
| (Z) Zwanenburg[24] | 30 | Cornelis Kuiper | Burnt by fireship |
| (Z) Visschers Harder | 26 | Jan Adriaanszoon Blankert | |
| (Z) Westcappel | 24 | Marinus Loncke | |
| (Z) Visscher | 16 | Simon Loncke | |
| (M) Stad Utrecht | 48 | Jacob Oudart | |
| (M) Rotterdam | 45 | Cryn Cerckhoven | |
| (M) Vrede | 40 | Laurens van Heemskerck | |
| (M) Gorinchem | 36 | Jacob van der Cam | |
| (M) Briel | 21 | Frans van Nijdek | |
| (M) Swol | 20 | Jacob Simonszoon de Witt | |
| (Z) Zouteland (yacht) | 4 | Willem Hendrikszoon van der Veere | |
| (M) Hazewinthont (yacht) | 3 | Andries Pietersen |
The 7th (Noorderkwartier) Squadron
| Ship | Guns | Captain | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N) Wapen van Nassau[25] | 60 | Dirk Gerritszoon Pomp | |
| (N) Eendracht | 44 | SbN (Rear-Adm) Frederick Stachouwer | |
| (N) Wapen van Medemblik | 46 | Adriaan Houttuin | |
| (N) Gelderland | 56 | Cornelis Jaconszoon de Boer | |
| (N) Hollandse Tuin | 56 | Beberen | |
| (N) Jozua | 50 | Cornelis Slordt | |
| (N) Westfriesland[26] | 50 | Jacob Bruynings | |
| (N) Jupiter | 44 | Huysman | |
| (N) Jonge Prins | 36 | Jan Halfhoorn | Captured by HMS Martin Galley[27] |
| (N) Eenhoorn | 30 | Cornelis Victol | |
| (N) Hoorn | 30 | Klaas Valchen | |
| VOC Carolus Quintus | 54 | Joris Kuiten | Captured by HMS Plymouth[28] |
| VOC Nagelboom | 52 | Boon | Captured by HMS Colchester[29] |
| VOC Beurs van Amsterdam | 52 | Cornelis Muts | |
| VOC Agatha | 32 | Gerrit Klaaszoon Posthoorn |
Other Dutch ships
Four ships were left behind in the Texel when the fleet sailed on 23/24 May, due to shortage of men. These were the Amsterdam Admiralty's Zuiphen (36), Groot Harder (38), Leiden (36) and Kat (21).
References
- Frank Fox, The Four Days' Battle of 1666, p.317
- Frank Fox, The Four Days' Battle of 1666, p.321-322.
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_battle&id=37
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=873
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1271
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=995
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=875
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1246
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1007
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1336
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1364
- became HMS Delft
- became HMS Zealand
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=12080
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1373
- became HMS Helverston
- became HMS Mars
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_battle&id=37
- became HMS Horseman; sunk 1667 as blockship in the Thames.
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=875
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=999
- became English Black Bull; recaptured at the Four Days' Battle in 1666.
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1239
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_battle&id=37
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_crewman&id=19109
- http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1262
- became English Young Prince; expended as fireship at the Four Days' Battle in 1666.
- became English Charles V; recaptured at the Four Days' Battle in 1666.
- became English Clove Tree; recaptured at the Four Days' Battle in 1666.
External links
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