Onufriivka

Onufriivka is an urban-type settlement in Oleksandriia Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine, former administrative centre of Onufriivka Raion. Population: 3,820 (2020 est.)[1] .

Onufriivka

Онуфріївка
Flag
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 48°54′16″N 33°26′53″E
Population
 (2020)
 • Total3,820

History
Native language of Onufriivka population according to 2001 census

The oldest traces of human existence in the Onufriivka Raion date back to the Neolithic era.

Onufriivka was founded at the beginning of the 17th century by the Zaporozhian retired Cossack Onufriyenko, on whose behalf the settlement name came. During the liberation war of the Ukrainian people in 1648-1654, there was a large settlement already here, the inhabitants of which took part in the Bohdan Khmelnytsky campaigns. The population of Onufriivka grew at the expense of peasants - refugees from Volhynia, Galicia, Bessarabia, who were attracted by large tracts of virgin steppe, forests, rivers and magnificent meadows. The locals were mainly engaged in animal husbandry, farming was less developed. Every autumn, large fairs were held here, which were attended by Kremenchuk and Kyiv merchants.

In 1752, with the establishment of military settlements, Onufriivka became part of New Serbia and became the property of Jovan Horvat-Otkurtich, and in the 1770s the descendants of Horvat-Otkurtych sold Onufriivka to Mikhail Kamburley, who was an adviser, senator, and civilian governor of Volhynia.

In the winter of 1805, the landowner Ivan Kamburley relocated part of the serf peasants from his estates in the Orel and Tambov governorates. He later won ten families in cards from a landowner from Kurtina, and exchanged other serfs with a prince for a purebred dog. He placed these settlers on his lands, founding the villages of Kamburliivka (in honor of his surname) and Zybkove. Until now, these villages, inhabited by Russian descendants, are mostly Russian-speaking. The village of Vyshnivtsi (formerly Ivanivka) was founded in 1777. Landlord M. Kamburley in the winter house of the Zaporozhian sergeant Kholodiy, bought captured Tatar Petro Sagaidysh for 30 silver rubles, baptized him, married with a Ukrainian woman and settled on the farm. In 1792, several families from Poland settled near the farm on the Kamburley orders. This is how the village arose, which the landowner named Ivanivka in honor of his father.

From 1821, after the Mikhail Kamburley's death, all his property passed into the possession of Count Mikhail Tolstoy, who was married to Kamburley's daughter Ekaterina. Count Tolstoy inherited the villages of Onufriivka, Kamburliivka, Lozuvatka, and Ivanivka, that is, 13,000 acres of land. The Count Tolstoy family is rich and ancient, as evidenced by the coat of arms of the family with the With Devotion and Diligence motto.

As of 1886, the town, the center of Onufrievka Volost of Aleksandriysky Uyezd of Kherson Governorate, had 1414 people, 254 farmsteads, an Orthodox church, a school, 5 shops, and 3 fairs a year: Seredopisny, Mykilsky on 9 May and Pokrovsky.[2]

Mikhail Tolstoy was a large landowner and introduced advanced methods of management on their lands, used a perfect machinery at that time, iron plows, horse threshers and fans. There was even a Fordzon tractor. Horses of the Orden breed were bred on farms, which were in demand in Russia and abroad. Rambouillet sheep (8,000 heads), gray-Ukrainian cows (600 heads), and sheep wool were sent to Białystok and Łódz cloth factories. Own brick factory was operating at full capacity, all the buildings on the estate were built of own bricks, which were of high quality, in particular in 1911 a school was built at the expense of Counts Tolstoy (M. Tolstoy and his mother O. Tolstaya), in which children still study, and the premises of which are marked by an attractive appearance and internal thoughtfulness and beauty. A hospital and a school were also built in the village of Pavlysh. Parish administration, veterinary hospital, priest's house, zemstvo administration were built in Onufriivka.

Well-known Ukrainian teacher Vasyl Sukhomlynsky after graduating from September 1939 to June 1941 worked as a teacher of Ukrainian language and literature at Onufriivka Secondary School.

In 1968, Onufriivka received an urban-type settlement status.

Infrastructure

Onufriivka Equestrian Plant

On the territory of the former estate of Counts Tolstoy, the Onufriivka Equestrian Plant № 175 is located[3][4] - a regular participant of the All-Ukrainian and international equestrian sports competitions. Its pupils - horses of purebred English riding - are the Olympic champions, winners of large and small derbies, winners of competitions at the Rostov and Odesa racetracks.

Onufriivka Dendropark, September 2015

Sights

Dendropark

The Onufriivka Dendropark foundation is connected with the family of Count Tolstoy. One of the students of the famous Russian scientist Dokuchaev supervised the works on the park foundation. All work was performed by the hands of ordinary serfs of Count Tolstoy. The old park dates back to the 1820s, and the new one, south of the Omelnychok River, was planted half a century later. The area of the park is 84 hectares, of which 22 hectares are occupied by water mirror ponds. On its territory there were more than 100 species of trees and shrubs, original gazebos, bridges, small architectural forms, a bulk island with a gazebo and a swimming pool, near the house there were two pools with fountains, a rosary. The alleys of the park were placed according to the classic English model. Peasants were strictly forbidden to enter the lord's park. Only workers cleared the alleys, tended the trees and numerous flower beds, and swans in the park ponds. Later, the peasants were allowed to take water for their needs from one of the ponds. He still kept his name - Peasant pond. The whole park was surrounded by a two-meter brick fence with a decorative lattice.

In 1960, the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR adopted a resolution according to which the Onufriivka Dendropark was recognized as the 19th century landscape architecture monument.

Count Tolstoy's white dining room
Monument to fellow WWII soldiers

Architecture monuments
  • Count Tolstoy estate's complex of buildings
    • Count's white dining room
    • Manager's house
    • Forge
    • Glacier
    • Carriage shed
  • School №1

Historical monuments
  • Mass grave of Soviet soldiers (near the administrative building)
  • Mass grave of civilians (dendropark)
  • Monument to fellow WWII soldiers (center)
  • Memorial sign at the place of death of Anatoliy Komar, Soviet WWII military intelligence (road to Pavlysh)
  • School, where Vasyl Sukhmomlynsky worked

Nature monument
  • Chestnut

Notable people

The names of Counts Tolstoy - Mikhail (1804 - 1891), his son Mikhail (1834 - 1898), and grandson Mikhail (junior) (1862 - 1927) are closely connected with the region. The counts owned 13,000 acres of land and surrounding villages. All of them were engaged in charitable activities and patronage, introduced advanced technologies in agriculture. The foundation of the Onufriivka Dendropark is associated with the name of Mykhail Tolstoy. Mikhail (senior) developed the estate. Mikhail Mykhailovych (junior) built a school in Onufriivka and Pavlysh, a hospital in Pavlysh, a veterinary hospital in Onufriivka, and other social facilities at his own expense; completed the construction of the Onufriivka Dendropark. Counts Tolstoy were prominent philanthropists and patrons of his time. An ambulance station was built in Odesa at the expense of Mykhailo Mykhailovych. Each of the counts was the schools for children from poor families trustees. The counts made a huge contribution to the development of agriculture and viticulture in southern Russia. After the October Revolution, the life of the last Count Tolstoy was tragic. Deprived of all his property, the seriously ill Mikhail Tolstoy and his mother, Elena, left for Geneva. That's where his life ended (30 August 1927). With his death, one of the branches of the glorious Tolstoy family broke off.

References
  1. "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  2. Волости и важнейшие селения Европейской России [The Most Important Towns and Villages in European Russia] (in Russian). Vol. VIII. St. Petersburg: Центр. статист. комитет. 1886.
  3. Бизнес гид. Онуфриевский конный завод №175 Archived 2013-09-07 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  4. Коні не винні! Чи поверне Онуфріївський кінний завод собі колишню славу? (in Ukrainian)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.