Olinde Rodrigues

Benjamin Olinde Rodrigues
Benjamin Olinde Rodrigues
Born	6 October 1795; Bordeaux, France
Died	17 December 1851 (aged 56); Paris, France
Alma mater	University of Paris

Benjamin Olinde Rodrigues (6 October 1795 – 17 December 1851), more commonly known as Olinde Rodrigues, was a French banker, mathematician, and social reformer. In mathematics Rodrigues is remembered for Rodrigues' rotation formula for vectors, the Rodrigues formula about series of orthogonal polynomials and the Euler–Rodrigues parameters.

Biography

Rodrigues was born into a well-to-do Sephardi Jewish family in Bordeaux.[1] He was awarded a doctorate in mathematics on 28 June 1815 by the University of Paris.[2] His dissertation contains the result now called Rodrigues' formula.[3]

After graduation, Rodrigues became a banker. A close associate of the Comte de Saint-Simon, Rodrigues continued, after Saint-Simon's death in 1825, to champion the older man's socialist ideals, a school of thought that came to be known as Saint-Simonianism. During this period, Rodrigues published writings on politics, social reform, and banking.

In 1840 he published a result on transformation groups,[4] which applied Leonhard Euler's four squares formula, a precursor to the quaternions of William Rowan Hamilton, to the problem of representing rotations in space.[5] In 1846 Arthur Cayley acknowledged[6] Euler's and Rodrigues' priority describing orthogonal transformations.

Rodrigues is credited as originating the idea of the artist as an avant-garde.[7]

Publications

Mouvement de rotation d'un corps de révolution pesant, Paris, 1815, Read online
De l'attraction des sphéroïdes, 1815
Théorie de la caisse hypothécaire, ou Examen du sort des emprunteurs, des porteurs d'obligations et des actionnaires de cet établissement, 1820
Appel : religion saint-simonienne, 1831
L'artiste, le savant et l'industriel: Dialogue, 1825
Réunion générale de la famille : séances des 19 et 21 novembre, 1831
Son premier écrit / Saint-Simon, 1832
Le disciple de Saint-Simon aux Saint-Simoniens et au public, 1832
Aux saint-simoniens, 13 février 1832 : bases de la loi morale proposées à l'acceptation des femmes, 1832
Olinde Rodrigues à M. Michel Chevalier, rédacteur du "Globe" : religion saint-simonienne, 1832
De l'organisation des banques à propos du projet de loi sur la Banque de France, 1840
Des lois géométriques qui régissent les déplacements d'un système solide dans l'espace: et de la variation des coordonnées provenant de ces déplacements considérés indépendamment des causes qui peuvent les produire, 1840
Les Peuples et les diplomates. La Paix ou la guerre, 1840
Œuvres de Saint-Simon, 1841
Poésies sociales des ouvriers, réunies et publiées par Olinde Rodrigues, 1841
Théorie des banques, 1848
De l'Organisation du suffrage universel, proposition d'un nouveau mode électoral par Olinde Rodrigues, 1848
Organisation du travail, association du travail et du capital, 1848
Organisation du travail, bases de l'organisation des banques, 1848

References

Simon Altmann, "Rotations, Quaternions and Double Groups"(Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986, ISBN 0-19-855372-2): "The family is often said to have been of Spanish origin, but the spelling of the family name rather suggests Portuguese descent (as indeed asserted by the 'Enciclopedia Universal Illustrada Espasa-Calpe')". For more information on the Rodrigues as Portuguese Jews in Bordeaux see also the Jewish Encyclopedia "?". Jewish Encyclopedia.
Altmann and Ortiz(2005), p. 12
Olinde Rodrigues (January 1816). "De l'attraction des sphéroïdes". Correspondence Sur l'École Impériale Polytechnique. 3 (3): 361–385.
Olinde Rodrigues (1840) "Des lois géométriques qui régissent les déplacements d'un système solide dans l'espace, et de la variation des coordonnées provenant de ces déplacements considérés indépendamment des causes qui peuvent les produire" (On the geometrical laws that govern the displacements of a solid system in space, and on the change of coordinates resulting from these displacements considered independently of the causes that can produce them), Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées, vol. 5, pages 380-440.
John H. Conway, Derek A. Smith, On Quaternions and Octonions: Their Geometry, Arithmetic, and Symmetry. AK Peters, 2003, ISBN 1-56881-134-9, p. 9
Arthur Cayley (1846) "Sur Quelques Proprietes des Determinants Gauches", Crelle's Journal 32: 119–23, and Collected Mathematical Papers of Arthur Cayley, volume 1, page 335
Margolin, Victor (1997). The struggle for utopia: Rodchenko, Lissitzky, Moholy-Nagy, 1917-1946. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-50516-9.

External links

Olinde Rodrigues sur Le Maitron
Olinde Rodrigues sur Jewish Encyclopedia
Olinde Rodrigues sur le site www.nebuleuse-rh.org

Bibliography

Altmann, Simon; Ortiz, Eduardo L. (2005). Mathematics and Social Utopias in France: Olinde Rodrigues and His Times. Providence RI: AMS. ISBN 978-0-821-83860-0.
Louis Gabriel Michaud (1863) Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne
Simon L. Altmann (1989). "Hamilton, Rodrigues and the quaternion scandal". Mathematics Magazine. Vol. 62 no. 5. pp. 291–308. doi:10.2307/2689481. JSTOR 2689481.
Simon L. Altmann (2005). Rotations, Quaternions and Double Groups. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-44518-2.
Jeremy J. Gray (1980) Olinde Rodrigues' paper of 1840 on Transformation Groups, Archive for History of Exact Sciences 21(4): 375–385, doi:10.1007/BF00595376.

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[1] Simon Altmann, "Rotations, Quaternions and Double Groups"(Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986, ISBN 0-19-855372-2): "The family is often said to have been of Spanish origin, but the spelling of the family name rather suggests Portuguese descent (as indeed asserted by the 'Enciclopedia Universal Illustrada Espasa-Calpe')". For more information on the Rodrigues as Portuguese Jews in Bordeaux see also the Jewish Encyclopedia "?". Jewish Encyclopedia.

[2] Altmann and Ortiz(2005), p. 12

[3] Olinde Rodrigues (January 1816). "De l'attraction des sphéroïdes". Correspondence Sur l'École Impériale Polytechnique. 3 (3): 361–385.

[4] Olinde Rodrigues (1840) "Des lois géométriques qui régissent les déplacements d'un système solide dans l'espace, et de la variation des coordonnées provenant de ces déplacements considérés indépendamment des causes qui peuvent les produire" (On the geometrical laws that govern the displacements of a solid system in space, and on the change of coordinates resulting from these displacements considered independently of the causes that can produce them), Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées, vol. 5, pages 380-440.

[5] John H. Conway, Derek A. Smith, On Quaternions and Octonions: Their Geometry, Arithmetic, and Symmetry. AK Peters, 2003, ISBN 1-56881-134-9, p. 9

[6] Arthur Cayley (1846) "Sur Quelques Proprietes des Determinants Gauches", Crelle's Journal 32: 119–23, and Collected Mathematical Papers of Arthur Cayley, volume 1, page 335

[Margolin-7] Margolin, Victor (1997). The struggle for utopia: Rodchenko, Lissitzky, Moholy-Nagy, 1917-1946. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-50516-9.