Olga de Alaketu

Olga de Alaketu or Mother Olga (c.1925 – September 29, 2005) was a prominent Candomblé high priestess, who was influential in promoting Candomblé and distancing it from Catholicism.

Olga de Alaketu
Mother Olga de Alaketu, Gilberto Gil, Brazil's Minister of Culture, Mother Stella de Oxóssi
Bornc. 1925
Ketu, West Africa (present-day Benin)
Died29 September 2005 (aged 79-80)
Salvador da Bahia, Brazil
NationalityBrazilian
OccupationIyalawo, Priestess of Ifá
TitleHigh Priestess of Candomblé

Early life and career

Olga Alaketu is the epitome of a slave woman who broke boundaries and established herself as a role model and example to African Americans around the world, but in particular, Brazil. Born in the Ketu Nation of West Africa in 1925, she was descended from a long line of priestesses and queens.[1] She was brought by the Portuguese to Bahia, Brazil, and forced into a life of slavery. In order to break the mold of her slave identity, she used the customs and traditions of her homeland to establish herself in Afro-Brazilian society. With the help of others she integrated both European and African culture together in order to strengthen the Afro-Brazilian culture and religious tradition of Candomblé. She played a central role in many spiritual initiatives within her community, such as giving sermons on inequality and injustice. Furthermore, she served as an instrumental part of the local university’s Psychiatry department to help the local people discuss their problems, and those who suffered with mental illness. A fifth generation descendant of the royal house of Aro in modern Benin (through a Ketu child princess kidnapped and sold as slave in Bahia between ca. 1636 and the end of the 18th century), Alaketu served as high priestess of the Ile Maroia Laji temple in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, one of the oldest Candomblé temples in Brazil. Her temple attracted many prominent people including the writer Jorge Amado, and the French anthropologist Pierre Verger. When the Ile Maroia Laji was declared a national heritage site, Cultural Minister Gilberto Gil said of Alaketu:

"In the last forty years, we can consider Mother Olga as the greatest proponent of the religion of the Orishas in all Brazil."

Ketu Nation and Olga

The Ketu nation into which Olga de Alaketu was born has a long history of religious oral tradition. Alaketu refers to a religiously-centered temple, known as Ilê Maroiá Laji, in the Matatu district of Ketu, one of the oldest of its kind. It was founded by Otampê Ojaró in the early 1600s. Anthropologist Vivaldo da Costa Lima, the first scholar to take interest in the history of the temple, supports this. “Lima gave credence to the memory of Otampê Ojaró's ethnic origin, showing that the temple's nickname, Alaketu, is probably a variant of the Yoruba ara Ketu (people from Ketu), also noting that the surname Ojaró is a variant of Aro, one of Ketu's royal lineages”.[2] One notable characteristic of the religious tradition of the Ketu is its separation from the Catholic traditions of European colonizers. Olga da Alaketu was actually born into this Afro-Brazilian religious tradition in 1925. She died from complications of diabetes on September 29, 2005, and was buried in the Bosque da Paz Cemetery. She was succeeded by her eldest daughter Jocelina Barbosa Bispo ("Jojó").

References
  1. Toyin Falola; Matt D. Childs (2005). The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World (Blacks in the Diaspora). Indiana University Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-253-0030-10.
  2. Castillo, Lisa Earl (Oct 29, 2013). "The Alaketu Temple and its Founders: Portrait of an Afro-Brazilian Dynasty". Luso-Brazilian Review. 50 (1): 83–112. doi:10.1353/lbr.2013.0015. S2CID 146343012. Retrieved Mar 21, 2019 – via Project MUSE.
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