Nuto Revelli

Benvenuto "Nuto" Revelli (21 July 1919, Cuneo, Piedmont – 5 February 2004) was an Italian essayist and partisan.

Life

Revelli was a freshly commissioned second lieutenant when, on 21 July 1942, he left Italy on one of the two hundred troop trains sent to the Eastern Front by Mussolini in an attempt to ensure that Fascist Italy would share in what, at the time, with the Germans having advanced dozens of kilometers a day, looked to be the spoils of an easy victory. Less than six months later, however, between mid-December 1942 and mid-January 1943, the Russians broke through the Italian lines on the Don; encircled, the entire Italian Army in Russia, or ARMIR, was put to flight. Thousands of men fell in combat to break out of the pocket; thousands were taken prisoner. Still others succumbed to frostbite and exhaustion. A once proud army had been destroyed.

For Revelli, who survived the winter retreat and returned to Italy in the spring of 1943, the experience was a formative one. In it he claimed to have lost what he called his ignorance of the nature of the regime he was serving, of the iniquity of the German ally, and of the extent to which his own youth, coinciding nearly exactly with the twenty years of fascism, had been shaped by fascism. From very shortly after 8 September 1943—the date on which the Italian armistice with the Allies was announced—to the end of the war, Revelli was a partisan commander, first in the Alpine valleys west of Cuneo, Italy, then across the border in southeastern France.

Revelli's first book, among the first accounts of the retreat from Russia, was Mai tardi. La strada del davai collects the wartime memories of some forty veterans of the Eastern Front. Many of Revelli's other books—oral histories—explore the effects of post-war industrialization on the rural economies of the province of Cuneo. Despite the great importance of his literary and historical work, Revelli was never an academic or a professional historian; by training, as he often said, he was a surveyor. He was also an iron products dealer.

In a poem titled "To Mario and Nuto," Primo Levi, one of Revelli's great friends, writes: “I have two brothers with lots of life behind them, / Born in the shadow of the mountains. / They learned indignation / in the snows of a distant land, / And they’ve written non-useless books. / Like me, they have borne the sight / Of Medusa, who didn’t turn them to stone. / They haven’t let themselves be turned to stone / By the slow flurry of the days.”

Works

• Mai tardi
• La guerra dei poveri
• La strada del davai
• Il mondo dei vinti
• L'ultimo fronte
• L'anello forte
• Il disperso di Marburg
• Il prete giusto
• Le due guerre

In English

• Mussolini's Death March: Eyewitness Accounts of Italian Soldiers on the Eastern Front, trans. John Penuel (translation of La strada del davai), Univ. Press of Kansas, 2013.