Nicastrin

Nicastrin, also known as NCSTN, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCSTN gene.[5][6][7]

NCSTN
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4UPC, 5A63, 4UIS, 5FN3, 5FN4, 5FN5, 5FN2, 2N7R, 2N7Q
Identifiers
Aliases	NCSTN, ATAG1874, nicastrin
External IDs	OMIM: 605254 MGI: 1891700 HomoloGene: 41029 GeneCards: NCSTN
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q23.2 Start 160,343,316 bp[1] End 160,358,952 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1 H3|1 79.54 cM Start 172,066,013 bp[2] End 172,082,795 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • peptidase activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • endopeptidase activity Cellular component • Golgi apparatus • membrane • focal adhesion • melanosome • cell membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • lysosomal membrane • endoplasmic reticulum • extracellular exosome • integral component of membrane • azurophil granule membrane • gamma-secretase complex • cytoplasmic vesicle membrane • cytoplasmic vesicle • cytoplasm • mitochondrion • lysosome • early endosome • synaptic vesicle • endosome membrane • macromolecular complex • sarcolemma • synapse • synaptic membrane • integral component of presynaptic membrane Biological process • Notch signaling pathway • ephrin receptor signaling pathway • myeloid cell homeostasis • protein processing • GO:0048554 positive regulation of catalytic activity • amyloid-beta metabolic process • epithelial cell proliferation • proteolysis • T cell proliferation • membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis • membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis • positive regulation of apoptotic process • Notch receptor processing • amyloid precursor protein catabolic process • amyloid-beta formation • amyloid precursor protein metabolic process • neutrophil degranulation • cerebellum development • Notch receptor processing, ligand-dependent • dopamine receptor signaling pathway • glutamate receptor signaling pathway • learning or memory • central nervous system myelination • adult behavior • amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process • positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process • cellular protein metabolic process • neuron apoptotic process • neuron death • cellular response to calcium ion • regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation • short-term synaptic potentiation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	23385	59287
Ensembl	ENSG00000162736	ENSMUSG00000003458
UniProt	Q92542	P57716
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001290184 NM_001290186 NM_015331 NM_001349729	NM_021607
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001277113 NP_001277115 NP_056146 NP_001336658	NP_067620
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 160.34 – 160.36 Mb	Chr 1: 172.07 – 172.08 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

Nicastrin (abbreviated NCT) is a protein that is part of the gamma secretase protein complex, which is one of the proteases involved in processing amyloid precursor protein (APP) to the short Alzheimer's disease-associated peptide amyloid beta. The other proteins in the complex are PSEN1 (presenilin-1), which is the catalytically active component of the complex, APH-1 (anterior pharynx-defective 1), and PEN-2 (presenilin enhancer 2).[8] Nicastrin itself is not catalytically active, but instead promotes the maturation and proper trafficking of the other proteins in the complex, all of which undergo significant post-translational modification before becoming active in the cell.[9] Nicastrin has also been identified as a regulator of neprilysin, an enzyme involved in the degradation of amyloid beta fragment.[10]

History

The protein was named after the Italian country Nicastro, reflecting the fact that Alzheimer's disease was described in 1963 after studying descendants of an extended family originating in the country of Nicastro that had familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD).[11]

Interactions

Nicastrin has been shown to interact with PSEN1[12][13][14][15][16] and PSEN2.[12][16]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162736 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000003458 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: NCSTN nicastrin".
6. Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Ohira M, Kawarabayasi Y, Ohara O, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Miyajima N, Nomura N (Oct 1996). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain". DNA Research. 3 (5): 321–9, 341–54. doi:10.1093/dnares/3.5.321. PMID 9039502.
7. Yu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Chen F, Kawarai T, Supala A, Levesque L, Yu H, Yang DS, Holmes E, Milman P, Liang Y, Zhang DM, Xu DH, Sato C, Rogaev E, Smith M, Janus C, Zhang Y, Aebersold R, Farrer LS, Sorbi S, Bruni A, Fraser P, St George-Hyslop P (Sep 2000). "Nicastrin modulates presenilin-mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and betaAPP processing". Nature. 407 (6800): 48–54. Bibcode:2000Natur.407...48Y. doi:10.1038/35024009. PMID 10993067. S2CID 4339220.
8. Kaether C, Haass C, Steiner H (2006). "Assembly, trafficking and function of gamma-secretase" (PDF). Neuro-Degenerative Diseases. 3 (4–5): 275–83. doi:10.1159/000095267. PMID 17047368. S2CID 17324271.
9. Zhang YW, Luo WJ, Wang H, Lin P, Vetrivel KS, Liao F, Li F, Wong PC, Farquhar MG, Thinakaran G, Xu H (Apr 2005). "Nicastrin is critical for stability and trafficking but not association of other presenilin/gamma-secretase components". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (17): 17020–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M409467200. PMC 1201533. PMID 15711015.
10. Pardossi-Piquard R, Dunys J, Yu G, St George-Hyslop P, Alves da Costa C, Checler F (May 2006). "Neprilysin activity and expression are controlled by nicastrin". Journal of Neurochemistry. 97 (4): 1052–6. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03822.x. PMID 16606360.
11. Feldman RG, Chandler KA, Levy LL, Glaser GH (Oct 1963). "Familial Alzheimer's disease". Neurology. 13 (10): 811–24. doi:10.1212/wnl.13.10.811. PMID 14066996. S2CID 32600780.
12. Yu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Chen F, Kawarai T, Supala A, Levesque L, Yu H, Yang DS, Holmes E, Milman P, Liang Y, Zhang DM, Xu DH, Sato C, Rogaev E, Smith M, Janus C, Zhang Y, Aebersold R, Farrer LS, Sorbi S, Bruni A, Fraser P, St George-Hyslop P (Sep 2000). "Nicastrin modulates presenilin-mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and betaAPP processing". Nature. 407 (6800): 48–54. Bibcode:2000Natur.407...48Y. doi:10.1038/35024009. PMID 10993067. S2CID 4339220.
13. Haffner C, Frauli M, Topp S, Irmler M, Hofmann K, Regula JT, Bally-Cuif L, Haass C (Aug 2004). "Nicalin and its binding partner Nomo are novel Nodal signaling antagonists". The EMBO Journal. 23 (15): 3041–50. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600307. PMC 514924. PMID 15257293.
14. Baulac S, LaVoie MJ, Kimberly WT, Strahle J, Wolfe MS, Selkoe DJ, Xia W (Nov 2003). "Functional gamma-secretase complex assembly in Golgi/trans-Golgi network: interactions among presenilin, nicastrin, Aph1, Pen-2, and gamma-secretase substrates". Neurobiology of Disease. 14 (2): 194–204. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.624.6715. doi:10.1016/S0969-9961(03)00123-2. PMID 14572442. S2CID 53205510.
15. Gu Y, Chen F, Sanjo N, Kawarai T, Hasegawa H, Duthie M, Li W, Ruan X, Luthra A, Mount HT, Tandon A, Fraser PE, St George-Hyslop P (Feb 2003). "APH-1 interacts with mature and immature forms of presenilins and nicastrin and may play a role in maturation of presenilin.nicastrin complexes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (9): 7374–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209499200. PMID 12471034.
16. Lee SF, Shah S, Li H, Yu C, Han W, Yu G (Nov 2002). "Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and is required for intramembrane proteolysis of amyloid-beta precursor protein and Notch". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (47): 45013–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208164200. PMID 12297508.

External links

• nicastrin+protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)